Dive into the multi-faceted term 'Umdah', exploring its role as a village chief, master in a guild, and a key argument in debates, reflecting its rich historical and cultural significance.
Uncover the life and contributions of Mahmud, Zaki Najib, an eminent Egyptian philosopher who embraced positivism, advocating for modern scientific and rational thought within the traditional Arab heritage.
Dive deep into ʿIlmu ʾl-mant̤iq, the Islamic science of logic and rational discourse. Understand its historical significance, key contributors, and its role in the Islamic intellectual tradition.
Dive into the life and ideas of Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, a brilliant Baghdadi writer and philosopher who left a profound impact on the intellectual tradition of his time.
Dive into the Islamic concept of ḤĀDIS̤ (حادث), which signifies newness and freshness, and understand its theological implications in contrast to the eternal nature of God.
Explore how Humanism and Islam interrelate, delve into philosophical discourses, and see how modern scholars find harmony between core humanistic values and Islamic teachings.
Dive deep into the intersection of Postmodernism and Islam, exploring how postmodern thought interacts with Islamic tradition. Understand the nuances, similarities, and conflicts between these two rich and complex realms.
Dive into the life and works of Hakim, Khalifa Abdul, a distinguished scholar, educationist, and philosopher who navigated the terrain between Islamic thought and Western ideologies. Explore his significant contributions to Islamic philosophy, educational reforms, and intercultural understanding.
Uncover the profound contributions of Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) in Islamic philosophy and medicine. Explore his life, works, and the impact of his thought on Muslim Spain and beyond.
Dive into ʿILMU ʾL-AK͟HLĀQ, the Islamic science of ethics and morals. Explore influential works and their profound impact on Islamic thought, while comparing cultural variations and illuminating the universal principles shared across traditions.
Delve into the intricate realm of Gnosticism, an esoteric tradition heralding hidden knowledge as the path to salvation. Understand its profound influence on Islamic thought, particularly within Shia and Sufi doctrines.
Discover Hasan Hanafi, the Egyptian reformist thinker who endeavors to fuse reinterpreted Islamic ideals with contemporary demands, forming an 'Islamic left.' Explore his revolutionary thoughts on societal justice, unity, and liberation theology.
Uncover the depths of Manichaeism, a major religious and philosophical system of the ancient Near East, established by Mani in the 3rd century. Discover its teachings, cultural impact, and lasting legacy.
Dive deep into the concept of Aṣl (اصل), exploring its significance as a foundational principle in Islamic theology and philosophy. Understand its etymological roots, cultural differences, and related concepts to grasp its holistic essence.
Delve into the life and works of Malik Bin Nabi, an influential Algerian writer who urged Muslims towards self-reconstruction and higher civilization standards.
Discover Aristotle's profound impact on Islamic philosophy and the intellectual exchange between Greek, Arabic, and Latin scholarship. Delve into his contributions and influence on medieval Muslim thinkers like Ibn Rushd and Ibn Sina.
Explore the interplay between postmodernism and Islam, examining how contemporary Muslim thinkers use postmodernist theories and hermeneutics to reinterpret religious teachings.
Dive into ʿIlm, the Islamic term for knowledge, exploring its roots, significance, and application across cultures. Understand how ʿIlm shapes Islamic thought and compare it to concepts of knowledge in other traditions.
Dive into the profound Islamic concept of Maktub, often interpreted as fate or destiny established by divine decree. Explore its scriptural roots and cultural significance through historical facts and inspiring teachings.
Dive into the philosophical discussion within Islamic thought regarding dualism. Examine how influential Islamic scholar Al-Baiẓāwī addresses the contrast between Light and Darkness in his commentary on the Qur'an.
Delve into 'Al-Madinat al-Fadilah' penned by Al-Farabi and its connections to the very first Muslim community, Medina. Discover the philosophical, historical, and cultural layers of this concept.
Delve into the multifaceted concept of Nafs, ranging from the spiritual essence in the Qur’an to the philosophical and Sufi interpretations. Discover its significance and complexities in Islamic thought and practice.
Delve into the illustrious life and contributions of Ibn Rushd, also known as Averroës, whose work bridged Islamic theology and Aristotelian philosophy, influencing both Eastern and Western thought.
Discover the profound journey of Islamic philosophy as it intertwines Greek influences, harmonizes faith and reason, and shapes the intellectual canvas of the Islamic world and beyond.
Dive into Ṣūfīsm, the mystical branch of Islam focused on attaining divine truth and love through personal experience. Explore its deep roots, cultural resonance, key figures, and philosophical parallels within other mystic traditions.
Explore Iḥsān, the Islamic practice of achieving spiritual excellence, performing actions with utmost sincerity and perfection. Delve into its theological significance, historical background, and cultural implications.
Explore Hikmat al-Ishraq, a philosophical tradition that emphasizes enlightenment through divine illumination. Delve into its etymology, historical development, and significance in Islamic thought.
Dive deep into Marifah, the esoteric knowledge attained through spiritual and ecstatic experiences within Islamic mysticism. Understand its profound significance in Sufism and its parallels across diverse cultures and religions.
Dive into the profound concept of Wujūd (وجود) in Islamic philosophy, covering its types—necessary, possible, and impossible existences. Learn how it shapes theological discourse and spiritual understanding.
Dive into the life, works, and philosophies of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a monumental figure in Islamic philosophy and Quranic exegesis. Uncover his lasting impact on Islamic thought.
Explore the profound influence of Murtaza Mutahhari, an eminent Iranian religious scholar. Learn about his contributions, background, and his utilization of Islamic philosophy in addressing contemporary socio-political issues.
Discover the life and work of Ibn Miskawayh, the Persian philosopher and historian who made significant contributions to Islamic ethics. Explore his profound teachings and his influence on Islamic thought and society.
Discover the profound path of Hermeticism in the early history of Sufism. Explore the principles of ascetic practices, intensive prayers, and renunciation of worldly affairs, alongside its contemporary relevance.
Explore the concept of Hikmah in Islam, which covers divine, philosophical, and scientific wisdom. Understand its roots, historical significance, and the cultural implications across various Islamic traditions.
Explore Hawājis, the Sufi term for worldly thoughts that occupy the heart. Delve into its significance, etymology, cultural nuances, and relevance within Islamic mysticism and broader philosophical contexts.
Dive into the concept of Mantiq (Arabic: منطق) in Islamic thought, its etymology, historical development, prominent Islamic scholars' contributions, and its cultural significance across different eras.
Delve into the concept of Ṣabr (صبر) in Islam, highlighted extensively in the Qur'an. Understand its profound significance, cultural nuances, and how it shapes the life of every Muslim, supported by theological and philosophical perspectives.
Dive into the fascinating concept of the pre-existence of souls as taught in Islamic texts. Understand how both the Qurʾān and Hadith describe the creation and existence of souls before their union with human bodies.
Dive into the life and contributions of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, a distinguished Malaysian thinker. Explore his efforts against secularism and his pioneering work in the Islamization of knowledge.
Dive into the Neoplatonic philosophies that greatly influenced prominent Islamic thinkers and Sufis. Understand the origins, core principles, and how these ideas helped shape Islamic mystical and philosophical traditions.
Discover the life and work of Mohammed Arkoun, the French intellectual renowned for his critical approach to Islamic thought using contemporary Western methodologies.
Explore the life and contributions of Al-Razi (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi), a distinguished Persian scientist, physician, and philosopher, whose empirical approach revolutionized the medical field.
Delve into the profound world of Muslim philosophy (Arabic: falsafah), its evolution, cultural facets, and impact on shaping theological and theoretical landscapes. Understand the interplay of Greek and Islamic thought through prominent philosophers like Avicenna, Averroës, and Al-Ghazali.
Discover the profound Islamic concept of Z̤ĀHIRU ʾL-MUMKINĀT, which refers to the evidence of God's existence, power, and attributes as manifested through the natural world. Unravel the layers of theological and philosophical insights behind this term.
Explore HAYŪLĀ (هـيـولى), the Islamic philosophical concept of 'matter' as the first principle of all material existence. Delve into its significance within Islamic philosophy, etymology, and how it compares to similar notions in other traditions.
Discover the life and contributions of Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri, a prominent Moroccan intellectual who significantly influenced contemporary Arab thought, education, sociology, and Arab and Islamic philosophy.
Delve into the profound concept of 'ʿAql' (Intellect) in Islamic philosophy, enriched by cultural and theological contexts, while exploring its philosophical parallels and unique features.
Dive into ʿILMU ʾL-MANT̤IQ, the Islamic discipline of logic. Uncover its profound impact on Islamic philosophy, theology, and its interconnections with other classical traditions.
Dive into the profound concept of AL-ʿUQŪLU ʾL-ʿASHARAH, the 'Ten Intelligences' in Islamic philosophy. Understand their creation and significance in shaping the cosmos.
Dive into Wahdat al-Shuhud, a Sufi concept advocating the oneness of appearance, and its relation to Ibn al-Arabi's philosophy. Discover its significance within Sunni Islam and how Ahmad al-Sirhindi used it for reformist purposes.
Explore thanawiyyah (dualism) in the Islamic historical and theological context. Delve into its origins, evolution, and conflicts with the concept of Tawhid, alongside relevant figures like Ibn al-Muqaffa and Ibn Sina.
Dive into the life and works of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, the influential Ashari theologian, jurist, mystic, and scholar whose writings on theology, law, ethics, and mysticism continue to shape Islamic thought.
Discover the life, teachings, and lasting legacy of Ibn al-Arabi, Muhyi al-Din, a towering figure in Sufi thought, known for his profound insights on the unity of being, mystical love, and the notion of the perfect person.
A comprehensive exploration of Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi, also known as Mulla Sadra, his contributions to Islamic philosophy and theology, and their lasting impact on Islamic thought
Explore the life, contributions, and philosophies of Shihab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi, the founder of illuminationism. Delve into his synthesis of philosophy and mysticism, and understand why he earned the title of al-Shaykh al-Maqtul.
Explore the Mu'tazilah, an intellectual Islamic sect that sought to reconcile reason with faith. Understand their unique perspectives on divine attributes, human free will, and justice in Islamic theology.
Dive into AL-ʿILMU ʾT̤-T̤ABĪʿĪ (العلم الطبيعى), the Arabic term for natural philosophy, unveiling its rich historical context and its alignment with contemporary scientific paradigms.
Unveil the core aspects of Islamic Theology, encompassing philosophical, rational, and mystical explorations of revealed truths. Dive into theological controversies, cosmological debates, and the nexus between reason and revelation in Islam.
Discover the life and work of Ibn Tufayl, Abu Bakr Muhammad, the Andalusian polymath renowned for 'Hayy Ibn Yaqdhan'. Uncover the profound impact of his works on philosophy and science, and how he showcased the potential for achieving divine awareness through solitary intellect.
A comprehensive exploration of Abū Ḥamīd al-Ghazālī, known as Hujjatu l-Islām, including his life, works, and enduring influence in Islamic thought. Delve into his monumental treatise Ihya Ulum al-Din and his philosophical contributions to the nature of God and Sufism.
Delve into the multifaceted life of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, a Shii scholar, theologian, and astronomer who left an indelible mark on Islamic thought. Explore his monumental contributions across various fields, from ethics to mathematics and philosophy.
Dive deep into the concept of 'Nomos' (νόμος) in Greek philosophy, exploring its meaning, historical context, and its influence on both ancient and modern legal systems.
Explore the profound philosophical contributions of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a distinguished Iranian thinker advocating for the revival of sacred knowledge against modernist disruptions.
Dive into the life and contributions of Sijistani, Abu Yaqub Ishaq ibn Ahmad al- (d. ca. 971), a prominent early Ismaili dai, renowned for amalgamating Ismaili theology with Neoplatonic philosophy.
Discover the life, contributions, and critical perspectives of Abd al-Karim Soroush, an influential Iranian scholar and activist. Explore his philosophy, engagement in revolutionary politics, and subsequent critique of theocracy.
Discover the diverse contributions of Maimonides (Ben Maimon, Moshe) in medieval Jewish law, philosophy, and medicine. Learn about his influential works and their impact on Jewish and Islamic thought.
Dive into the life and contributions of Mahmud Mustafa, an Egyptian Islamist philosopher, author, and scientist who harmonized Islamic faith with scientific thought and social welfare.
Discover the profound concept of ḤUJJAH (حجة) in Islam, embodying the essence of argumentation and proof in the Qurʾān and Islamic thought. Explore its etymology, religious significance, and applications in both everyday and scholarly discourse.
Explore the monumental contributions of Farabi, known as the Founder of Islamic political philosophy and a pioneer in synthesizing Aristotle with Islamic thought. Understand his influence on integration of religion, science, and the vision of a virtuous city.
Dive into the profound contributions of Abu-al-Hasan Al-Ashari, a Muslim theologian who skillfully harmonized revelatory tradition with rational thought. Understand his influence on Islamic theology and the lasting impact of his ideas.
Dive into the complex world of Islamic ethics, exploring the philosophical debates between rationalist and divine command theories, and understanding their impact on modern social and political movements.
Explore the influential reign of Al-Ma'mun, the Abbasid caliph who championed scientific and philosophical advancements in the Islamic Golden Age, notably through the establishment of Bayt al-Hikmah in Baghdad.
Delve into the life and work of Mir Damad, a leading Persian philosopher and theologian of the Safavid period. Explore his synthesis of peripatetic philosophy, Hikmat al-Ishraq, and his efforts to integrate Shiism and Sufism.
Explore the Ṣūfī concept ḤUJJATU ʾL-ḤAQQI ʿALA ʾL-K͟HALQ, symbolizing the 'perfect man' as an embodiment of divine wisdom and power. Uncover its significance in Islamic mysticism and its relevance in the metaphysical journey of the believer.
Dive deep into the Mutazilis, a pivotal eighth-century theological movement that challenged and shaped Islamic thought on God's nature, justice, free will, and the relationship between reason and revelation.
Explore Huwiyyah, the Islamic concept of essence and identity, as a crucial term in Islamic philosophy and mysticism. Delve into its significance, historical background, and thematic differences across cultural contexts.
Explore LĀĀDRĪYAH (لاادرية), a sect of skeptics in Islamic thought, who assert the impossibility for humans to be certain of any fact, including their own identities. Uncover its roots, philosophical background, and its cultural implications.
Discover the profound contributions of Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani, a seminal figure in Ismaili philosophy and his role during the Fatimid era. Understand his metaphysical insights and stance on theological controversies.
Journey into Atomism, an intricate theory in Sunni and Shii theology asserting that the world is constituted of atoms and accidents, continuously renewed by God's will. Discover its profound implications in Islamic belief and compare it with philosophical notions.
Explore the ancient wisdom and philosophical depths behind the four elements: fire, air, water, and earth, and their essential roles in the study of creation across various domains.
Dive deep into the Five Senses (al-ḥawāssu ʾl-k͟hamsah) as understood in Islamic teachings. Explore the distinction between external and internal senses in Islamic scholarship and how these concepts intersect with other intellectual traditions.
Dive into the multifaceted concept of RUḤ (روح) in Islam; understand its profound theological, philosophical, and cultural significance, with insights into its various interpretations, types, and relevance in different contexts.
Dive into the life and contributions of Allamah Tabatabai, a paramount Quranic commentator and philosopher of the 20th century, whose legacy endures through his influential works and lasting impact on Islamic thought.
Unveil the historical, etymological, and cultural facets of Munazarah, an Islamic tradition of structured debate. Understand its transition from theological contexts to various realms of knowledge.
Explore the profound concepts of ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah, the Islamic philosophy, tracing its origins, evolution, and relevance in the modern world. Understand its deep links with wisdom and its transformative role in human thought.
Explore the profound influence of Plato, known in Arabic as Afiaton, on Islamic philosophy. Discover how medieval Islamic scholars like al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd interpreted and integrated Plato's ideas into their own works.
Explore the multifaceted concept of Aql in Islamic theology, philosophy, and jurisprudence, emphasizing its integral role in rational and ethical thought across various historical and cultural contexts.
Discover the contributions of Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, a pioneer in both Islamic philosophy and science whose synthesis of Aristotelian Neoplatonism and Islamic theology reshaped intellectual paradigms.
Dive into the life and contributions of Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kindī, a philosopher who flourished in the Abbasid court, translating numerous classical and philosophical works.
Explore the profound legacy of Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, an eminent philosopher, physician, and polymath of the Islamic Golden Age. Understand his contributions to various fields and their enduring impact on both the Muslim world and Europe.
Explore the historical and contemporary attitudes toward science in the Muslim world, delving into the complex relationships between religious beliefs and scientific inquiry.
Dive into the concept of Dhat, the essence and attribute of God in Islamic philosophy and theology. Explore its implications across various schools of thought like Mutazilis and Sufism.
