Definition
Blind (The) (Arabic: أعمى Aʿmā, pl. ʿUmyān): In Islamic terminology, aʿmā refers to a blind person. The obligations and permissions associated with blindness are distinctly addressed in Islamic jurisprudence, including participation in religious duties such as Jihād (struggle).
Etymology
The term أعمى (Aʿmā) is derived from the Arabic root ‘ʿ-m-y,’ which means blindness or to be blind. It is used both in physical and metaphorical contexts within Arabic literature and Islamic texts.
Background
Islamic jurisprudence has addressed various conditions of the human state, making considerations for those who are physically or mentally impaired. When it comes to blindness, scholars such as Imām Abū Ḥanīfah have specific rulings regarding their legal capacities and obligations. Notably, it is stated that a blind person is not obliged to participate in Jihād. This view underscores the importance Islam places on justice and the practical considerations of physical limitations.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Within the Muslim world, interpretations and implementations can vary:
- Middle Eastern Context: Blind individuals are often afforded respect and accommodations, reflecting broader societal norms about care and inclusion. Educational institutions for visually impaired individuals are established to provide necessary skills and scriptural learning through Braille.
- South Asian Context: Cultural approaches might integrate local customs with Islamic principles, resulting in varied responses to the challenges faced by blind individuals.
- Western Context: Muslims living in Western countries might seek to harmonize Islamic jurisprudence with local disabilities legislation, such as the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act).
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms:
- Visually impaired
- Sightless
- Without vision
Antonyms:
- Sighted
- Vision-enabled
- Seeing
Related Terms
- Jihād: Often interpreted as “struggle,” substantial academic work distinguishes between its broad implications beyond just physical conflict.
- Hidaya: Guidance—also refers to the name of a classical Hanafi jurisprudence text which discusses blind people’s roles.
- Perception (إدراك): Discusses sensory perceptions in philosophical and legal texts.
Exciting Facts
- Some Islamic scholars, like Zafar ibn Hudhayl (Imām Zufar), held progressive views about the credibility and usability of a blind person’s testimony in situations where hearsay is generally accepted.
- In Muslim tradition, renowned blind scholars have made significant contributions to Islamic jurisprudence and theology, proving physical limitations were seen as hurdles to be surmounted through knowledge.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- Abū Ḥanīfah: “The testimony of a blind person is inadmissible, lest truth be compromised by unseen deception.”
- Imām Zufar: “The veracity of hearings unchanged by sight shall stand in matters widely accepted by ear.”
- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: “The soul’s perception exceeds the bounds of physical sight.”
References and Suggested Literature
- “The Hidaya: Commentaries on Hanafi Jurisprudence” by Qurra al-Din - for deeper insights into the varying fatwas affecting the roles of the disabled in society.
- “Islam and Disability: Perspectives in Theology and Jurisprudence” by Dr. Ayesha Khan - offers an extensive cultural and juristic analysis on the subject.
- “Blindness and Vison in Islmic Thought and Representation” by Alaa A. Alyrari – a comprehensive examination of how the Islamic world perceives and treats visual impairment.
In this exploration of blindness in Islam, we are reminded that physical limitations do not define one’s worth or contributions. Islamic law provides nuanced perspectives that encourage justice, inclusivity, and respect for all believers, regardless of their abilities.
Amina Al-Fahad
2023-10-03
“Knowledge is the light by which we navigate the complexities of human experience, transcending physical limitations and embracing the vast expanse of understanding.”
