Introduction 🕊️
Female infanticide, a heinous practice where baby girls were buried alive, was prevalent among ancient Arabian tribes. The advent of Islam and Prophet Muḥammad’s teachings marked a significant transition, vehemently condemning this practice. This article delves into the Qurʾānic references, historical context, and cultural ramifications of this profound prohibition.
Etymology and Definition 🔍
Infanticide:
- Etymology: Derived from Latin words “infans” (infant) and “cida” (killing).
- Definition: The intentional killing of infants.
Female Infanticide in the Arabian context referred specifically to the act of killing newborn girls primarily due to a preference for male offspring.
Notable Qurʾānic Verses 📖
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Sūrah xvi. 60: “For when the birth of a daughter is announced to any one of them, dark shadows settle on his face, and he is sad. He hideth himself from the people because of the bad news: shall he keep it with disgrace or bury it in the dust? Are not their judgments wrong.”
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Sūrah xvii. 33: “Kill not your children for fear of want: for them and for you will We (God) provide.”
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Sūrah lxxxi. 8-9: “… And when the damsel that had been buried alive shall be asked (at the Day of Judgment) for what crime she was put to death.”
Historical Background and Cultural Significance 🌍
Ancient Arabian societies held a deep preference for male heirs, leading to the alarming practice of female infanticide. The responsibility of a girl towards household chores or the dowry culture were some factors that prompted this injustice. Islam sought to end this barbarity, emphasizing the equal worth of all children regardless of gender.
Cultural Differences and Similarities 🌏
Although female infanticide is not globally prevalent today, gender-biased practices exist in various cultures under different manifestations. From dowry-related abuse in certain South Asian countries to sex-selective abortions in parts of East Asia, the cultural preference for male children endures.
Synonyms and Antonyms 📚
- Synonyms: Child-killing, Gendercide
- Antonyms: Child Protection, Gender Equality
Related Terms 🧠
- Women’s Rights:
- Civil and political rights that advocate for the equality and welfare of women.
- Patriarchy:
- A social system where males hold primary power and entitled to dominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, and control over property.
- Dowry:
- Property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.
Exciting Facts 🌟
- Historic Preservation: Pre-Islamic Arabs considered the birth of a daughter a disgrace.
- Prophet Muḥammad’s Efforts: He personally intervened in cases, saving girls who were about to be buried alive.
Notable Quotation 🖋️
“The balance of humanity tilted significantly when Prophet Muḥammad stood up against the unjust slaughter of innocent girls, reinstating their right to live with dignity and respect.” – Fatimah Al-Siddiqi
References 📚
- Akbar S. Ahmed, Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World.
- Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet.
Suggested Literature and Resources for Further Study 📖
- Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources by Martin Lings.
- The Light of the Qurʾān: Surahs Explored by Sayyid Qutb.
- Women & Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate by Leila Ahmed.
In striving to understand the moral and spiritual teachings of Islamic traditions, we gain valuable insight into the timeless messages they carry against oppression and for universal justice. May these reflections deepen your appreciation of human dignity and enkindle your pursuit for equity.
In faith and learning, Fatimah Al-Siddiqi
