Definition
Exaltation in Heaven: In Islamic theology, this term refers to the state of being elevated to a position of honor and high status in the heavens. Specifically, it pertains to Jesus Christ (Isa), who, according to Islam, was not crucified but was taken up to heaven by God.
Etymology
Exaltation: Originating from Latin “exaltare,” meaning “to raise high.” It underscores the notion of being lifted to a superior state or status.
Heaven: Deriving from Old English “heofon,” denoting the sky or the place where deities or valued dead persons reside.
Background
In Islamic eschatology, Jesus (Isa) holds a revered position. Unlike Christian belief in Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection, Islamic doctrine maintains that Jesus was neither killed nor crucified, but was taken up alive by God. This theological stance is sourced from the Qur’an (Surah An-Nisa [4:157-158]).
Traditions and Scholarly Interpretations
Miʿrāj (Night Journey): Muhammad’s miraculous journey, where he saw various prophets in different stages of heavens. According to Qatadah’s tradition recorded in Mishkat (book xxiv. ch. vii.), Prophet Muhammad encountered Jesus in the second heaven alongside John the Baptist. This view is also supported by the Tafsir (exegesis) of Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti and Jalal ad-Din al-Mahalli in their work, Tafsir al-Jalalayn (The Commentary of the Two Jalals).
Alternative Views in Jāmiʿu ʾl-Bayān: Some commentators in this extensive work by Al-Tabari argue that Jesus is situated in the third level of celestial bliss, while others posit the fourth heaven. This notion reflects the diverse interpretative traditions within Islamic scholarship.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Islam vs. Christianity: Both religions hold Jesus in high respect, but they differ in the details of his ascension and current state of being. Christianity emphasizes the resurrection and eternal life of Jesus post-crucifixion, while Islam denies the crucifixion event, celebrating his divine elevation.
Synonyms: Ascendance, Elevation, Celestial Honor.
Antonyms: Degradation, Decline.
Related Terms with Definitions
Miʿrāj (معراج): The miraculous night journey and ascension to heaven undertaken by Muhammad, during which he is believed to have met various prophets.
Isa (عيسى): The Arabic name for Jesus, considered a prophet in Islam, whose life and mission are commemorarily substantial within the Islamic narrative.
Exciting Facts
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Muhammad’s Encounters: During the Miʿrāj, Muhammad not only encountered Jesus but also several other prophets, each in different realms of the celestial hierarchy.
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Celestial Hierarchies: Islamic theology often describes seven heavens, each with varying degrees of spiritual purity and divinity.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- Al-Tabari: “It is said among a portion of scholars that Isa resides in the third heaven, free from adjudication on the earthly realm, awaiting his destined return.”
References
- The Holy Qur’an. Surah An-Nisa [4:157-158].
- Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. Jāmiʿu ʾl-Bayān.
- Al-Suyuti, Jalaluddin and Al-Mahalli, Jalal ad-Din. Tafsir al-Jalalayn.
- Mishkat, translated by A. H. Davies.
Suggested Literature for Further Studies
- “The History of al-Tabari” by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari.
- “Introduction to the Qur’an” by M.A. Draz.
- “Jesus in the Qur’an” by Geoffrey Parrinder.
Quizzes
By delving into the celestial exaltation of Jesus, students of Islamic theology can grasp the intricate nuances and richness of Islamic eschatological beliefs. Reflect on these diverse perspectives and let the path of knowledge illuminate your spiritual journey. 📚🌟
Amina Al-Fahad, 2023-10-03
