Monogamy in Islamic Context
Comprehensive Definition
Monogamy in Islam refers to the practice of being married to only one spouse at a time. It is distinct from polygamy, where an individual has multiple spouses simultaneously, a practice traditionally sanctioned in Islamic law under specific conditions.
Etymology
The term “monogamy” is derived from the Greek words “monos,” meaning “single,” and “gamos,” meaning “marriage.” The term emphasizes exclusive marital unions, contrasting with “polygamy,” from the Greek “poly,” meaning “many.”
Background and Scriptural Basis
Islamic law, as detailed in the Qurʾān, primarily addresses marriage within the context of ensuring justice and equity. Surah An-Nisa (4:3) states, “If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one…” This verse is crucial, suggesting a conditional allowance for polygamy while simultaneously emphasizing fair treatment and the feasibility of the same, leading many scholars to advocate monogamy as a preferable and safer option.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Monogamy and Polygamy Practices: In many Muslim-majority cultures, monogamy is predominant despite polygamous marriages being legally permissible. Cultural practices often reflect regional interpretations of Qur’ānic guidance, local norms, and socio-economic factors.
- Similarities: Both monogamy and polygamy are held to standards of equity and respect within an Islamic ethical framework.
- Differences: While some communities may actively practice polygamy due to cultural inheritance or specific settings, others emphasize monogamous unions, influenced by contemporary socio-economic and legal conditions.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Sole marriage, single marriage, exclusive marital union.
- Antonyms: Polygamy, polyandry, multiple marriage.
Related Terms with Definitions
- Polygamy: The practice of marrying multiple spouses. In Islam, a man is permitted to have up to four wives under specific conditions.
- Nikah: The Islamic marriage contract.
- Khulʿ: A process in Islamic law whereby a woman can initiate divorce.
- Wali: A guardian in Islamic marriage, often representing the bride’s interests.
Exciting Facts
- Historical and Modern Transitions: Traditionally, the reality of war and male mortality rates led to temporary prevalent polygamy. However, in modern times, social policies have trended towards monogamous norms.
- Notable Interpretations: Noted Islamic scholars like Maulana Wahiduddin Khan emphasize equitable treatment and possible monogamy preferences within Islamic teachings.
Quotations from Notable Writers
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Jalāl ad-Dīn as-Suyūtī: “Indeed, monogamy was advocated in practice amongst many prophets, certain caliphs, and is seen to preserve tranquility and mutual respect within familial ties.”
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Author of Akhlāq-i-Jalālī: “Excepting, indeed, in the case of kings, who marry to multiply offspring, and towards whom the wife has no alternative but obedience, plurality of wives is not defensible."
Suggested Literature and Other Sources for Further Studies
- Books:
- “Marriage and Morals in Islam” by Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi: Explores various dimensions of marriage codes in Islam.
- “The Ethics of Marriage in Islam” by Jalaluddin As-Suyūtī: Detailed review of ethical factors in marital relationships in Islamic history.
- Articles:
- “Monogamy and Polygamy in 21st Century Islam” - Islamic Quarterly Review, explores contemporary viewpoints.
- Online Resources:
- Al-Islam.org Library: Comprehensive resources on Islamic marriage and family dynamics.
- The Qurʾān Project: Annotated Qurʾānic verses with contextual interpretations on marriage.
Always remember, the quest for knowledge and equity represents the highest growth of human virtue. Continue seeking both, and you will illuminate countless paths. Be kind, be fair, and in every action, strive for balance and understanding. الكفاح في سبيل العلم والعدالة هو أسمى طموحات الفضيلة الإنسانية. واصل البحث عن كليهما، ستكون في طريقك لإنارة دروب لا حصر لها. Kindest Regards, Aisha Khalfani, October 2023
