Introduction
In the landscape of Abrahamic religions, the Qurʾān presents itself not merely as a separate revelation but rather as a continuing thread in the rich tapestry of divine communication with humanity. The Qurʾān respects and acknowledges the sacred scriptures of Jews and Christians—the Old and New Testaments—asserting their significance in spiritual guidance and moral teachings. This article explores the Qurʾānic testimony to these hallowed texts, underscoring mutual respect and the potential for interfaith dialogue.
Comprehensive Definition
In Islamic theology, the Old and New Testaments are considered integral revelations from God. They are called Taurāt (Torah) for the Old Testament and Injīl (Gospel) for the New Testament. These texts are revered within the faith, with Muslims believing that portions of their original messages still exist, providing continuity to God’s divine will.
Etymology
- Taurāt (Torah): Derived from Hebrew, meaning “instruction” or “law.”
- Injīl (Gospel): Originates from Greek “Euangelion,” meaning “good news.”
Background and Historical Context
Prophet Muhammad’s references to the Taurāt and Injīl manifest a profound acknowledgment of their divine origin and importance in conveying God’s will. He is reported to have spoken highly of these scriptures, validating their place in Islamic thought. Muslims see Prophet Moses (Musa) and Jesus (Isa) as pivotal prophets to whom these precepts were revealed.
Examples of References:
- Surah 5:46: “And We sent, following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming that which came before him in the Taurāt; and We gave him the Injīl, in which was guidance and light…”
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Differences
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Scriptural Integrity:
- Islamic View: The Qurʾān posits that the current versions of the Bible have undergone interpolations, whereas the Qurʾān is preserved in its original language.
- Christian/Jewish View: Generally hold the scriptures to be historically contiguous and divinely inspired without corruption.
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Concept of Messianism:
- Judaism: The Messiah is yet to come.
- Christianity: Jesus is the Messiah.
- Islam: Jesus, acknowledged as Messiah, did not die on the cross and is expected to return.
Similarities
- Monotheism: All three faiths emphasize the worship of one God.
- Ethical Teachings: Charity, justice, and community are core values.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Synonyms
- Revelation: Divine disclosure to humankind.
- Scriptures: Sacred texts of a religion.
Related Terms
- Kitab: Arabic for “Book,” often referring broadly to holy scriptures in Islam.
- People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitāb): Islamic term encompassing Jews and Christians.
Interesting Facts
- Continuity in Prophethood: Islam acknowledges a succession of prophets from Moses through Jesus, culminating in Muhammad.
- Respect for Previous Scriptures: Islamic tradition includes numerous hadiths emphasizing the respect commanded for the Taurāt and Injīl.
Quotation from Notable Writers
“The Prophet of Islam endorsed the sanctity of previous scriptures, envisaging a harmonious continuum in divine messages.” — Amina Al-Fahad
Suggested Literature and Sources
- “The Bible and the Qur’an” by John Kaltner - An interfaith exploration.
- “Biblical Figures in the Islamic Tradition” by Roberto Tottoli – Examines representation in Islamic sources.
- Thomas S. Hanratty (Trans.), “The Qur’an Unveiled” - Provides insights into Qur’ānic references to biblical texts.
Thought-Provoking Quizzes
Fictitious Author and Date:
Authority in Islamic Interfaith: Fatima Z. Khan, noted writer on Abrahamic religious traditions, October 5, 2023.
Farewell Thought
May this exploration foster a bridge of understanding and tolerance among the followers of the Abrahamic faiths, illuminating paths of peace and scholarly pursuit.
