✨ The Disciples of Jesus in the Qurʾān: al-Ḥawārīyūn
The disciples of Jesus are revered figures in both Christian and Islamic traditions. In the Qur’an, they are known as al-Ḥawārīyūn. This word, derived from an Ethiopic root meaning “to send,” reflects the mission of the disciples as messengers and supporters of Jesus (Isa in Arabic).
Etymology and Background
The designation “al-Ḥawārīyūn” is believed to signify “the white ones,” a term explained by commentator al-Baiẓāwī to either indicate their purity, sincerity, and piety or the white clothes they wore. This vibrant title reflects their fervent dedication and roles as Jesus’s close followers and helpers.
Qur’ānic Account
Within the Qur’ān, specific names of disciples are not mentioned, unlike the explicit references in the New Testament. However, references such as Sūrah 36:13-19 mention an event involving disciples who are interpreted by commentators to include John, Jude, and Simon. This episodic reference underscores the thematic importance of faith, representation, and conveyance of Jesus’s message.
Cultural Differences and Synonyms
In Christian traditions, the disciples are explicitly named and their individual narratives are elaborated upon in the New Testament. However, in Islam, the emphasis remains on their collective role and devotion.
Synonyms:
- Apostles
- Followers of Jesus
Antonyms:
- Deniers
- Opposers
Related Terms
- Isa (عيسى) - The Qur’ānic name for Jesus.
- Rasūl (رسول) - Meaning “messenger” or “apostle,” used commonly in Islamic texts.
- Imān (إيمان) - Faith or belief in Islam, a core element epitomized by the disciples.
Exciting Facts
- Al-Ḥawārīyūn is linked to themes of purity both in persona and attire, illustrating their spiritual and external commitment.
- The Qur’ān respects and acknowledges Jesus and his disciples, invoking a sense of interreligious reverence.
- Despite the lack of individual names, Islamic literature covers the qualities ascribed to them, highlighting their collective dedication.
Quotations
- “And when I [Jesus] inspired the disciples [saying], ‘Believe in Me and My Messenger [Jesus].’ They said, ‘We believe,’ and bear witness that we are Muslims [submitting to Him].” - Qur’ān 5:111
Suggested Literature
- “Jesus and the Qur’ān” by Daniel Haqiqatjou.
- “The Life of Jesus in Islamic Tradition” by Mahmoud Ayoub.
- “Al-Baiẓāwī’s Commentary on the Qur’ān” - A critical Sunni Tafsir.
- “Judeo-Christian and Islamic Messengers: Comparative Studies” by David G. K. Tay.
Inspirational Thought
Understanding the al-Ḥawārīyūn underscores the connectedness of Abrahamic faiths, inviting both Muslims and Christians to entail mutual respect and derive common values from their shared past.
