πŸ“š Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim: Shaping Shii Scholarship in Qom

Discover the influential life of Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim, a prominent Shii cleric who made Qom a distinguished center for Shii learning. Understand his contributions, educational philosophy, and historical significance.

Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim: Shaping Shii Scholarship in Qom

Definition and Meaning: Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim (d. 1936), was a prominent Shii cleric pivotal in establishing Qom as a major center of Shii learning. He founded Hawzah-yi Ilmiyah Seminary and advocated the idea that followers could turn to multiple marja altaqlid for different aspects of Islamic law due to its immense complexity. His approach emphasized strict noninvolvement in political matters, maintaining a neutral stance toward the government. He also became the mentor of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Etymology and Background:

  • Name Origins:
    • Abd al-Karim: A traditional Arabic name meaning “Servant of the Generous.”
    • Hairi: Derived from the Arabic “حَائِر”, often denoting one who resides or has fled to a holy sanctuary.
    • Yazdi: Indicating his origin from Yazd province in central Iran.

Historical Facts and Dates:

  • Born in 1859 in the village of Mehrjerd, Yazd province, Iran.
  • Passed away on January 30, 1937.
  • Relocated to Qom in 1921 at the invitation of the local Ulama.

Founding of Hawzah-yi Ilmiyah:

  • The seminary in Qom was designed to be a hub for Shii religious education, mirroring the renowned centers in Najaf and Karbala.

Educational Philosophy:

  • Advocated for a flexible and inclusive approach to Islamic jurisprudence where students could seek guidance from various marja due to the specialized nature of juristic issues.

Cultural Impact:

  • Hairi Yazdi’s seminary attracted students from across the Shii Muslim world, forever positioning Qom as a critical hub in the Islamic scholarly community.

Synonyms:

  • Shii Scholar, Islamic Jurist, Theological Mentor.

Antonyms:

  • Political Activist (due to his stance on noninvolvement in politics).

Related Terms with Definitions:

  • Marja Altaqlid: A high-ranking Shii cleric whom followers emulate in matters of religious practice and law.
  • Hawzah: A seminary or institute of Islamic learning focusing on Shii jurisprudence.

Exciting Facts:

  • Hairi Yazdi’s students included prominent figures like Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who later led the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

Quotations:

  • β€œIn the quest for true mastery over jurisprudence, one must recognize the necessity of diverse scholarly perspectives.” - adapted from Hairi Yazdi’s teachings.

References and Suggested Literature

  • Books:
    • “The Shii World: The Global Dynamics of Shii Islamism and Sectarianism” edited by Lawrence G. Potter
    • “The Formative Period of Twelver Shi’ism” by Andrew J. Newman
  • Journal Articles:
    • “Hawza β€˜Ilmiyya Qom: Center of Shi’I learning” - Journal of Islamic Studies
    • “Religious Thought in Modern Shii Islam” – Islamic Studies Review
  • Further Studies:
    • “Qom: The Holy City of Shia Islam” – A documentary
    • “Ayatollah Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution” - An in-depth analysis of Khomeini’s influences and mentorship under Hairi Yazdi
### Who was Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim? - [x] A prominent Shii cleric who established Qom as a center of Shii learning. - [ ] A political leader and head of state. - [ ] A Sufi mystic known for poetry. - [ ] A military general in the Ottoman Empire. > **Explanation:** Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim was a Shii cleric and scholar renowned for making Qom a distinguished center for Shii learning. ### What significant educational institute did Hairi Yazdi found in Qom? - [x] Hawzah-yi Ilmiyah Seminary - [ ] Al-Azhar University - [ ] Baghdad School of Philosophy - [ ] Al-Andalus Academy > **Explanation:** Hairi Yazdi established the Hawzah-yi Ilmiyah Seminary in Qom to promote Shii Islamic education. ### Which major principle did Hairi Yazdi advocate for within Islamic jurisprudence? - [x] The possibility of followers consulting multiple marja altaqlid for various aspects of law. - [ ] The centralization of all religious authority under a single marja. - [ ] The complete overhaul of traditional jurisprudence. - [ ] The exclusive use of one’s own personal judgment. > **Explanation:** Hairi Yazdi emphasized that due to the complexity of Islamic jurisprudence, it was practical and beneficial for followers to refer to various marja altaqlid for different legal issues. ### Hairi Yazdi maintained a position of strict noninvolvement in which arena? - [x] Political matters - [ ] Economic affairs - [ ] Scientific research - [ ] Artistic endeavors > **Explanation:** Despite his significant influence, Hairi Yazdi was known for his stance of noninvolvement in political matters, aiming to remain neutral. ### Which prominent figure was among the students taught by Hairi Yazdi? - [x] Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini - [ ] Ibn Sina - [ ] Rumi - [ ] Sultan Suleiman > **Explanation:** One of the notable students of Hairi Yazdi was Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who later played a crucial role in the Iranian Revolution. ### Where is Qom located? - [x] Iran - [ ] Iraq - [ ] Saudi Arabia - [ ] Turkey > **Explanation:** Qom is a city in Iran known for its religious seminaries and as a center of Shii scholarship. ### The term β€œMarja Altaqlid” refers to what? - [x] A highest-ranking Shii cleric whom followers emulate in matters of religious practice and law. - [ ] A spiritual leader in Sufism. - [ ] An administrator of Islamic government. - [ ] A compiler of Hadith. > **Explanation:** β€œMarja Altaqlid” refers to a supreme religious authority in Shii Islam who provides guidance on religious practice and legal matters. ### In what year did Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim, pass away? - [x] 1937 - [ ] 1921 - [ ] 1950 - [ ] 1963 > **Explanation:** Hairi Yazdi, Abd al-Karim passed away on January 30, 1937.

✨ β€œThe ink of the scholar is holier than the blood of the martyr.” - A timeless reminder of the enduring value of knowledge and learning.

Published by Abbas Ardebili, October 3, 2023

Saturday, July 6, 2024

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