Khoi, Abol-Qasem: A Comprehensive Overview
Definition and Meaning
Khoi, Abol-Qasem (1899-1992) was an eminent Iraqi Shii mujtahid—a qualified Islamic jurist—revered for his vast contributions to jurisprudence, theology, religious education, and spiritual leadership. By the 1970s, he had become the most widely followed Shii mujtahid worldwide.
Etymology and Background
Abol-Qasem Khoi’s title, “Khoi,” is derived from his birthplace, Khi, a city in the present-day West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. His full name was Abū al-Qāsim al-Khu’ī. The alternative spelling variations include “Abol-Qasem Khui.”
Historical Context and Timeline
- 1899: Born in Khoi, Iran.
- 1920s: Moved to Najaf, Iraq, for advanced studies in Islamic jurisprudence and theology.
- 1970: Recognized as the most widely followed Shii mujtahid globally.
- 1980: Became the sole Ayatollah in Iraq but was placed under virtual house arrest by Saddam Hussein’s regime until his death.
- 1992: Passed away in Najaf, Iraq.
Cultural Context and Influence
Khoi utilized religious tithes (such as zakat and khums) to support Islamic educational initiatives. He established various seminaries, mosques, and cultural centers, including:
- Islamic Schools: Provided stipends and fostered scholarly pursuits.
- Publishing House: Founded in Karachi, Pakistan, aiding the dissemination of Islamic literature.
- Masajid and Cultural Centers: Established to cater to the spiritual and cultural needs of the community.
However, he opposed the political involvement of high-ranking religious authorities, specifically criticizing Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini’s doctrine of vilayat-i faqih (rule of the jurist).
Synonyms, Antonyms, and Related Terms
- Synonyms:
- Mujtahid: A scholar qualified to interpret Islamic law.
- Ayatollah: A high-ranking title given to Shiite leaders who are experts in Islamic studies.
- Antonyms:
- Secularist: An individual advocating for a separation between religion and government.
- Related Terms:
- Vilayat-i faqih: The political doctrine Khomeini advocated.
- Seminary: A place for training religious leaders.
Exciting Facts
- Khoi prominently advocated for the apolitical stance of religious authorities, focusing solely on scholarly and spiritual leadership.
- His house arrest did not prevent him from influencing Shii Islamic education and thought across the globe.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“The true power of Ayatollah Abul-Qasem Khoi lay not in his potential political influence, but in his unyielding dedication to the education and intellectual growth of his students and followers.” — Mahmud Taha, Islamic Historian
Suggested Literature for Further Studies
- “The Crisis of Authority in Twentieth-Century Shi‘ism” by Linda S. Walbridge, which explores various figures within Shii Islam, including Khoi.
- “Shi’i Islam: An Introduction” by Najam Haider, providing a thorough context of Shii history and beliefs.
- “Religion and Politics in Iraq: Abol-Qasem Khoi and Ayatollah Sistani” by Mohammad Shadid, comparing two influential Shii leaders.
Thought-Provoking Conclusion
Abol-Qasem Khoi’s stance on the role of religious authorities in politics continues to remind us of the diverse perspectives present within Islamic thought. His legacy highlights the importance of balance, wherein scholarly pursuit and spirituality coexist with societal obligations, shaping the guiding principles for future generations.
Farewell to inspiration, the legacy of learning transcends the bound of time.
Warm regards,
Zarah Al-Khatib
2023-10-03
