Adoption in Islam: Juristic Views and Cultural Practices 🌍
Definition and Meaning
In Islamic jurisprudence, formal adoption known as “at-tabanni” is forbidden. Qur’anic injunctions (Quran 33:4-5) state that adopted children should retain their biological father’s name, ensuring knowledge of their origins and paternal lineage. Legally adopted children in Islamic law each cannot inherit from their adopters. Nonetheless, there exists “kafala” which translates to “caretaking” or “sponsorship,” a form of guardianship where one provides care for the child without altering their original lineage.
Etymology and Background
The term “adoption” originates from the Latin word “adoptio,” standing for the act of choosing or formally taking into one’s family. The Arabic term for adoption is “تبني” (tabanni). Islamic narratives emphasize maintaining the lineage, familial ties, and identity of children.
Historical Facts and Dates
The prohibition of adoption as practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia was set in place by the revelation in the 7th century during the Prophethood of Muhammad. Notably, the incident involving Zaid ibn Harithah, an adopted son of Prophet Muhammad, serves as a critical reference. Zaid originally bore the Prophet’s name until the aforementioned Qur’anic verses were revealed.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
While formal adoption is disallowed, Islamic culture significantly emphasizes the importance of aiding orphans and children, reflected in structures like orphanages, community support systems, and charitable acts. This act transcends cultures within the Muslim world but varies between countries.
Synonyms
- Kafala (sponsorship)
- Himaa (protection)
Antonyms
- Abandonment
- Neglect
Related Terms
- Kafala: A fiduciary relationship wherein a person cares for an orphan without giving them a new identity or lineage, but ensures their well-being.
- Wali: A guardian responsible for the child’s welfare.
Exciting Facts
- Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) fostered a great affinity towards orphans, often recalling his own past as an orphan.
- The celebrated love for Zaid ibn Harithah underscores Islam’s respect and care for individuals irrespective of biological bonds.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“Allah loves those who take care of orphans and vulnerable children.” - Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya
References
- Holy Qur’an (33:4–5)
- Al-Muwatta by Imam Malik
- Sahih Al-Bukhari
Suggested Literature for Further Reading
- “Guardianship (kafala) and Adoption in Islamic Public Policy” by Javeed A. Siddiqui
- “Children’s Rights in the Context of Islamic Law” by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im
Quizzes 🎓
May you find wisdom and guidance within these texts to serve and lead with informed compassion. 🌸
By Zaynab Al-Mahmood, October 2023.
