Khidr, al-: Definition and Meaning
Khidr, al- (Arabic: الخضر)
Khidr, often referred to as “the Green One,” is a mystical and enigmatic figure mentioned in the Qur’an (18:65–82). In the story, he guides Moses (Musa) and his servant on a profound journey filled with lessons. Often regarded as an immortal guardian, Khidr is celebrated across the Muslim world as a spiritual teacher and protector.
Etymology
The name “Khidr” (الخضر) derives from the Arabic root “خ-ض-ر” (khaḍir), meaning “green” or “verdant.” This symbolism connects him to life, renewal, and supernatural wisdom.
Background and Significance
Khidr appears fleetingly in three major Islamic texts: the Qur’an, the Hadith, and Sufi literature. The Qur’anic story in Surah Al-Kahf (The Cave) recounts his extraordinary interaction with Moses, underscoring divine wisdom that transcends earthly understanding.
Islamic scholars often debate Khidr’s historical reality, with some identifying him as Balya ibn Malkan, yet his role remains largely allegorical. He represents hidden knowledge and divine guidance that can’t easily be comprehended by the human mind.
Historical Facts and Dates
- Revelation of Surah Al-Kahf: Historical estimates place the revelation of Surah Al-Kahf around the Meccan period of Muhammad’s prophethood (~609-622 CE).
- Incorporation in Sufism: By the 8th century, Khidr solidified his place within Sufi lore as an eternal mystic guide.
Cultural Significance
Khidr is revered in various cultures:
- Middle Eastern Culture: Viewed as a mentor to sailors and travelers.
- South Asian Culture: Often identified with local green saints or spiritual figures.
- Indonesian Culture: Many legends portray him protecting island fishermen and sea voyagers.
Synonyms and Related Terms
- Synonyms: The Green One, Eternal Guide, Hidden Teacher
- Antonyms: (No direct antonym, considering the uniqueness of his role)
- Related Terms: Moses (Musa), Surah Al-Kahf, Sufism, divine wisdom
Quotations from Notable Writers
“…Khidr, the mysterious Green Man, bridges the earthly world and the realms of divine knowledge, imparting lessons that transcend mortal comprehension.” - Rumi
Recommended Literature
- “The Rolled Scroll: An Exegesis on Khidr in Surah Al-Kahf” by Mahmoud Ayoub
- “Mystic Saints and Sages of Islam” by Syed Farid Alatas
- “Khidr in Sufi Mysticism: Unveiling the Eternal Guide” by Leili Anvar
Quiz Section
I hope this comprehensive lexicon entry on Khidr, al-, inspires deeper understanding and exploration of Islamic mysticism. 🌿 May your journey be guided by wisdom and light.
Best Regards, Ibrahim al-Yazid October 10, 2023
