Introduction to AL-LĀT (اللات)
AL-LĀT (اللات) stands as a prominent figure in both the historical and theological discourse of pre-Islamic Arabian religion. Mentioned in the Qurʾān alongside the idols al-‘Uzzā and Manāt, AL-LĀT represents the intricate nexus of early Arab polytheistic practices that were later transformed with the advent of Islam.
Etymology and Background
Etymology
The name “AL-LĀT” (اللات) is derived from the root word “ilat,” meaning “goddess”. This is a feminine form often associated with the word “Allāh” (God), but representing a distinct deity in the pre-Islamic pantheon.
Historical Significance
AL-LĀT was venerated in pre-Islamic times by various tribes around the Arabian Peninsula, especially in the city of Tāif. Sūrah 53 (An-Najm), verse 19, places AL-LĀT among the trio of revered idols: “What think ye, then, of al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā, and Manāt, the third idol besides?”
Narrative in Qur’anic Context
According to narratives by historians such as al-Wāqidī and at̤-T̤abarī, during one of the Prophet Muhammad’s public recitations of Sūrah 53, he was momentarily tricked by Satan into uttering words of reconciliation towards the polytheistic beliefs. This event, known as the “Satanic Verses” incident, was soon corrected by divine revelation, underscoring the idols as mere creations of human imagination.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Cultural Differences
In contrast to Islamic monotheism, the followers of AL-LĀT upheld rituals and worship practices dedicated to multiple deities. With the Prophet Muhammad’s arrival, a distinct monotheistic culture replaced the polytheistic traditions of ancient Arabia, emphasizing the worship of a singular, omniscient God, Allah.
Cultural Similarities
Despite the changes, there are notable cultural consistencies, such as the preservation of pilgrimage as an act of devotion, though redirected towards the worship of Allah and integral to Islamic practice within the Kaʿbah in Makkah.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms
- Alīt (Herodotus’ version)
- Goddess (female deity)
- Deity
Antonyms
- Monotheism (belief in a single god)
- Tawhid (Islamic doctrine of the oneness of God)
Related Terms
Al-ʿUzzā
Another female idol worshipped alongside AL-LĀT, associated with might and ferocity.
Manāt
The third idol named alongside AL-LĀT and al-ʿUzzā in the Qur’an, often related to fate and destiny.
Exciting Facts
- Historians’ Insights: Renowned historians like Sir William Muir and at-Tabarī provide detailed accounts of the pre-Islamic Arabian religious landscape.
- Temples and Cults: Shrines and temples dedicated to AL-LĀT existed in cities such as Petra and Palmyra.
Quotations
- “Nor have we sent any apostle or prophet before thee into whose readings Satan hath not injected some wrong desire.” - Qur’an, Sūrah 22:52
- “Shall ye have male progeny and God female? This, then, were an unjust partition! Verily, these are mere names which ye and your fathers have given them.” - Qur’an, Sūrah 53:19-23
Suggested Literature for Further Study
- The Life of Muhammad by Ibn Ishaq
- Islam: Faith and History by Mahmoud M. Ayoub
- A History of God by Karen Armstrong
- The Pre-Islamic History of Arabia by C.H. Becker
Conclusion
AL-LĀT, a nuanced symbol of ancient Arabian spirituality, represents the intricate evolution from polytheism to monotheism brought forth by Islam. By understanding these transitions, we recognize the dynamic nature of religious practice and the profound impact of the Prophet Muhammad’s message.
In pursuit of deeper knowledge, let us embrace history as a beacon that illuminates our path to understanding.
Leila Abdur-Rahman, October 13, 2023
May our inquiries and discoveries lead us to wisdom and a profound connection with the past.
