Definition
Alawis or Nusayris (Arabic: علوية or نصيرية) are a secretive school of Shii Islam located primarily in the mountains of northwestern Syria. They believe in the absolute oneness of God and that God manifested on Earth seven times, with Ali being the last and most significant manifestation. Their interpretation of Islamic texts is deeply allegorical, focusing on symbolic representations of good and evil, often framed as light and darkness. Celebrating both Muslim and Christian festivals, they hold a unique place in the tapestry of Islamic traditions.
Etymology
The term “Alawi” (Arabic: علوية) is derived from the name Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, who is intensely revered in their theological framework. Alternatively, “Nusayri” comes from Muhammad ibn Nusayr, who was a ninth-century disciple of the eleventh Shii Imam, Hasan al-Askari.
Background and Historical Facts
- Origin: The Alawi faith emerged in the 9th century with the teachings of Muhammad ibn Nusayr.
- Historic Role: The Alawis were historically marginalized and faced persecution due to their secretive practices and distinct beliefs.
- Political Clout: Once a marginalized community, the Alawis gained significant political power in the 20th century, notably with the rise of Hafez al-Assad in Syria.
- Current Demographics: Today, Alawis mostly reside in Syria, with smaller populations in Lebanon and Turkey.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Similarities:
- Shared reverence for Ali and the Twelve Imams with other Shi’a groups.
- Observance of Islamic rituals, such as Ramadan, though with unique interpretations.
Differences:
- Celebrate both Islamic and Christian holidays.
- Perform religious practices in private, often within family settings, maintaining a level of secrecy.
Synonyms and Related Terms
- Nusayris (historical name).
Antonyms
- Sunni Islam: Sunni practices and beliefs can contrast significantly with those of the Alawis.
- Zaydi Islam: Another branch of Shi’a Islam, with unique theological interpretations.
Related Terms
- Shi’a Islam: The broader sect of Islam to which Alawis belong.
- Imam: A spiritual leader in Islam; central to Shi’a belief.
- Allegory: A method of interpretation used heavily by Alawis in their religious texts.
Exciting Facts
- Alawis specifically regard the figure of Ali as an incarnation of divine light, differing from mainstream Islamic views.
- Despite being an Islamic sect, Alawis integrate elements of local traditions, making their religious practices unique.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“The Alawi faith is a labyrinthine world of esoteric secrets and a dedication to the metaphysical presence of the divine in all forms of life.” — Nadia Al-Hashim, “Mystic Pathways.”
Suggested Literature and Other Sources for Further Studies
- “The Alawis of Syria: Religion, War and Politics” by Michael Kerr.
- “The Shia Revival” by Vali Nasr.
- “Divine Guide in Early Shiism” by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi.
Translations
- Arabic: علويون
- Turkish: Aleviler
- Persian: علویون
- Urdu: علوی
Quizzes
Farewell thought: As we journey through the intricate tapestry of Islamic sects and beliefs, let us nurture an open mind and a compassionate heart. Differences do not divide us; rather, they reveal the profound diversity and depth of human spirituality. Pursue knowledge, embrace understanding, and let empathy be your constant guide.
Best Wishes,
Leila Hassan,
10th October 2023
