👩🦰 AN-NISĀ (النساء) - Sūrah on Women
Definition
An-Nisā (النساء), meaning “Women,” is the title of the fourth chapter (Sūrah) of the Qurʾān. This Sūrah spans 176 verses (āyāt) and extensively addresses various aspects related to women, familial responsibilities, inheritance laws, marriage, and social justice within the Islamic framework.
Etymology
The name An-Nisā (النساء) derives from the Arabic root word “نسوة” meaning “women,” which is mentioned in the very first verse of the chapter. The term encapsulates the broad thematic focus on women’s roles, rights, and responsibilities as outlined in the divine scripture.
Background
The Sūrah was revealed in Medina after the Hijrah (migration) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Mecca. This period marks the establishment of the Islamic community and the formulation of its social and legal structures. An-Nisā is pivotal in shaping the principles of gender relations, matrimonial harmony, and equitable familial norms.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Across the Islamic world, the reinterpretations and applications of An-Nisā can vary significantly. In more conservative societies, the focus may be on upholding traditional roles and practices, while in more progressive contexts, there is often an emphasis on the Qurʾān’s underlying ethos of justice and equality:
- Middle Eastern Cultures: Frequently adhere closely to traditional interpretations emphasizing guardianship and familial obligations.
- Southeast Asian Cultures: Often blend local customs with Islamic teachings, providing a syncretic approach to gender roles and family.
- Western Cultures: Use An-Nisā as a reference for advocating women’s rights within a modern context, focusing on equality and justice.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms:
- Women’s Verse: A colloquial term for referring to specific āyāt in An-Nisā that focus on women’s rights.
- Familial Chapter: Emphasizes the focus on family matters.
Antonyms:
- Ar-Rijāl (الرجال): Meaning “Men,” though not a title of a Sūrah, it contrasts with the focus of An-Nisā.
Related Terms
Islamic Feminism: A movement that seeks to interpret Islamic teachings in a way that supports gender equality and advocates for women’s rights.
Marriage in Islam (Nikah): The formal union of a man and woman under Islamic law, forming a core theme in An-Nisā.
Inheritance (Mirath): The Islamic laws of inheritance laid out in An-Nisā aiming for equitable distribution of wealth among heirs.
Related Term Definitions:
- Hijrah: The migration of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers from Mecca to Medina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- Sharia Law: The religious legal system governing members of the Islamic faith, derived from the Qurʾān and Hadith.
Exciting Facts
- An-Nisā is one of the longest Sūrahs in the Qurʾān, reflecting its comprehensive treatment of societal issues.
- The first verse underscores the unity of humankind, having all been created from a single soul, highlighting the Quranic notion of equality.
- Multiple āyāt in this Sūrah provide guidelines for protecting the rights of orphans, considered among the most vulnerable members of society.
Quotations from Notable Writers
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Sayyid Qutb: “In its emphasis on justice and equity, An-Nisā stands as a testament to Islam’s commitment to the well-being of all members of society, particularly women.”
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Amina Wadud: “An-Nisā, more than any other chapter, challenges us to rethink the values of fairness and mutual respect within the paradigm of divine guidance.”
Suggested Literature and Other Sources
- “Qurʾānic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation” by John Wansbrough.
- “Inside The Gender Jihad: Women’s Reform in Islam” by Amina Wadud.
- “Women and Gender in Islam” by Leila Ahmed.
Farewell Thought
May our understanding of An-Nisā inspire respect, equity, and justice in all our social interactions. Let this Sūrah guide us to a harmonious balance in our families and communities.
- Zainab Al-Khalid
