Definition
As-Sāmirī (السامرى): A historically and theologically significant figure mentioned in the Qurʾān, known for leading the Children of Israel astray by creating the golden calf in the absence of Prophet Moses (Mūsā).
Etymology and Background
The term “As-Sāmirī” originates from the Arabic and can be transliterated as “Sāmīr”. According to Islamic tradition and scriptural exegesis, his full name was Mūsā ibn Z̤afar, and he was supposedly from the tribe of the Samaritans. This nomenclature suggests that As-Sāmirī was identified with a group known for certain religious distinctions from mainstream Israelite traditions.
Qurʾānic Significance
As-Sāmirī is prominently mentioned in Sūrah Ṭā Hā (20:87-98), where he is the antagonist during Prophet Moses’ absence. He misleads the Israelites to worship a golden calf, an act which is sternly rebuked upon Moses’ return from Mount Sinai. The scripture emphasizes his misleading actions and the consequences that followed.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Jewish Tradition
In the Torah, a similar narrative exists involving the golden calf, but the figure primarily responsible is Aaron, the brother of Moses, which brings an interesting contrast in accountability and narrative focus compared with Islam.
Islamic Viewpoint
From an Islamic theological perspective, the sin committed under As-Sāmirī’s instruction is greatly emphasized as one of stringent deviation from monotheism (Tawḥīd), a central tenet of the faith.
Synonyms and Related Terms
- Al-ʿAjl (العجل): Arabic term for ’the calf’ referring to the golden calf.
- Fitna (فتنة): Referring to discord or temptation, relevant to As-Sāmirī’s act causing turmoil and spiritual strife among the Children of Israel.
Antonyms
- Hudā (هدى): Guidance, as opposed to the deviation caused by As-Sāmirī.
Related Terms
- Banī Isrāʾīl (بني إسرائيل): The Children of Israel, the community led astray by As-Sāmirī.
- Mūsa (Moses): The prophet who confronts As-Sāmirī.
Exciting Facts
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The story of As-Sāmirī notably illustrates the challenges faced by Moses in maintaining monotheistic worship.
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As-Sāmirī’s role has also sparked myriad religious and academic discussions, delving into historical, theological, and comparative religious analyses.
Quotations from Notable Writers
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Professor Palmer: He translated As-Sāmirī as “the Samaritan,” further exploring the ties between Samaritan traditions and biblical-Israel religiosity.
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Al-Baiẓāwī: An influential Qurʾānic commentator, he explored the identity of As-Sāmirī in the context of Islamic exegesis.
Recommended Literature and Sources
- “The Stories of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir
- “Quranic Stories: God, Revelation, and the Audience” by Brannon M. Wheeler
- “Tales of the Prophets” translated by William Muir
- “A History of Islamic Societies” by Ira M. Lapidus
Thought-Provoking Farewell
May your journey through the ancient texts bring enlightenment, fostering understanding and unity across our diverse tapestry of faiths. Explore the tales not only with your mind but with an open heart, seeking the threads of wisdom they weave into the fabric of human history.
- Fahima Al-Qadir, October 2023
