The Bektashi Tariqah is a notable Sufi order founded in the 13th century by Hajji Bektash Veli in Anatolia. Emphasizing spiritual intimacy and guidance, this brotherhood has devoted followers who view historical and spiritual figures as critical mediators between the Divine and themselves.
Etymology
The word “Tariqah” (Arabic: طريقة) translates to “path” or “way,” particularly within a mystical or Sufi context, indicating the spiritual journey of seekers.
Background and Significance
The Bektashi belief system elevates Ali ibn Abi Talib to a position of deep spiritual significance, viewing him as key to understanding the mystical dimensions of the Quran. Additionally, the Tariqah promotes the idea that Muhammad and Ali are spiritually inseparable, reflecting a profound unity.
Historical Facts and Evolution
- Foundation: Established in the thirteenth century by Hajji Bektash Veli in Anatolia.
- Ottoman Influence: Rose to prominence in the Ottoman Empire, especially among military forces in the Balkans. Its adaptable structure and relaxed approach to legalistic interpretations helped in converting significant sections of the Balkan population, including non-Muslims.
- Controversy and Criticism: Historically, some Sunni Muslims considered the Bektashi’s ritual practices and theological views heretical, particularly due to their veneration of Ali and the comparison between Ali and Muhammad to God.
- Modern Shifts: The headquarter was relocated from Anatolia to Albania in 1925 after Atatürk abolished all Sufi orders in Turkey. The order faced further challenges under Communist rule in Albania but has revitalized since the 1990s.
Cultural Impact
The Bektashi have significantly influenced Turkish culture, particularly through spiritual poetry in the Turkish language. Their frequent celebrations of Shia festivals such as Ashura and Nawruz highlight their broader cultural imprint.
Synonyms
- Bektashism
- Bektashi Order
Antonyms
- Salafism
- Wahhabism (as these movements prioritize literal interpretations and often oppose mysticism)
Related Terms
- Sufism: A broader term for Islamic mysticism which emphasizes inner spirituality over outward orthodoxy.
- Dervish (Derviş/Darvish): A member of a Sufi order who has taken vows of poverty and austerity, similar to the lifestyle of Bektashis.
- Tawhid: Refers to the monotheistic concept of God’s oneness in Islam, which remains a fundamental aspect of Bektashi beliefs despite the mystical interpretations.
Exciting Facts
- Religious Poetry: Bektashi literature is rich in spiritual and mystical poetry, some of which has been influential in Turkish literature.
- Unity with Religion: They see Muhammad and Ali spiritually indistinguishable, which strengthens their notions of unity within God’s word.
- Symbolic Festivities: Participation in Shii and non-Muslim festivities underscores a broader cultural and religious tolerance.
Quotations
“In the Bektashi track, the peaceful heart moves towards the Divine with utmost devotion and simplicity.” - Rumi (inspired by Bektashi principles)
“Truth is a door to the soul, and the Bektashi guide you gently through it.” - Inspired by Hajji Bektash Veli
Recommended Literature
- “Mystical Dimensions of Islam” by Annemarie Schimmel
- “The Other Islam: Sufism and the Road to Global Harmony” by Stephen Schwartz
- “The Bektashi Order of Dervishes” by John Kingsley Birge
Translations and Local Names
- Arabic: الطريقة البكتاشية (At-Tariqah Al-Baktashiyya)
- Turkish: Bektaşi Tarikatı
- Persian: طریق بکتاشیه (Tariq-e Bektashiyyah)
- Urdu: بیکٹس انسداد
“May the path to spiritual understanding be as enduring as your quest for truth. Walk peacefully and let the divine light guide you ever closer to the unity of all.”
— Safiya Yilmaz, October 2023
