BURIAL OF THE DEAD (جنازة Jināzah or Janāzah)
Comprehensive Definition
Jināzah (جنازة Jināzah or Janāzah) refers to the Islamic funeral rites that include the washing, shrouding, praying for, and finally burying the deceased. The term “Jināzah” is not just used for the entire funeral service but also specifically refers to the funeral bier carrying the body. These rituals follow the traditions laid out by the Prophet Muhammad and are highly standardized, emphasizing simplicity and equality.
Etymology
The word “جنازة” (Jināzah) is derived from the Arabic root “j-n-z,” alluding to carrying or transportation, which is fitting as it encompasses the transition of the deceased from this world to the afterlife.
Background and Practices
The burial rites in Islam are founded on the Prophet Muhammad’s practice and make up an essential part of a Muslim’s lifecycle rituals. These involve several key steps: the Ghusl (ritual washing of the dead body), Kafan (shrouding in white cloth), Salat al-Janazah (funeral prayer), and finally, the Daḥn (burial). Here’s an overview:
- Ghusl (غسل): The ritual washing of the dead body, often performed by close family members or designated individuals of the same gender.
- Kafan (كفن): Shrouding the body in simple white cloths called Kafan.
- Salat al-Janazah (صلاة الجنازة): The funeral prayer, which is a communal obligation.
- Daḥn (دفن): The final act of placing the body in the grave, typically in a manner where the body lies on its right side facing Makkah (Qiblah).
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Egypt and Buk͟hārā: Male relatives and friends typically precede the corpse during the funeral procession, while female mourners follow behind.
India and Afghanistan: Typically, women do not attend funerals, and the procession involves friends and relatives walking behind the bier. In some traditions, nobody should precede the corpse as angels are believed to go ahead.
Practices Variation: There are notable differences in traditional beliefs regarding women’s presence, the structure of the procession, and additional rituals that accompany the burial across various Islamic cultures.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms:
- Salat al-Janazah – Refers specifically to the funeral prayer.
- Daḥn – Burial.
- Tajheez – Preparation of the body for burial.
Antonyms:
- Walam – Wedding or marriage (as it denotes a form of beginning rather than an end).
Related Terms
- Ghusl: The ritual purification bath required for the corpse.
- Kafan: The shroud used for wrapping the dead.
- Salat al-Janazah: The funeral prayer performed for the dead.
Exciting Facts
- Contrary to Western customs of slow, deliberate funeral processions, Islamic tradition favors quick internment reflecting the Prophet Muhammad’s saying to hasten both for the benefit of the righteous and to relieve the living of the burden of wickedness.
- The Islamic funeral rites are considered a duty of the living owed to the deceased and extend respect to Jewish and Christian funeral processes as well, highlighting the shared humanity and respect for the dead.
Quotations
“It is said that the Prophet once stood up when a bier passed by him, and it was pointed out to him that it was a Jewish man’s funeral. The Prophet replied, ‘Is it not a soul that passed by?’” - Mishkāt, v. c. v.
References and Suggested Literature
- Lane, E.W. (1836). An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. London: J. Murray.
- Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim for Hadith collections regarding funeral practices.
- “Islamic Funerals: A Ritual Defense of Life” by Dr. Khalid Blankinship.
Quizzes to Test Your Knowledge
Inspirational Farewell
As we delve into the practices of our ancestors and embrace the traditions that shape our communities, let us remember the honorable simplicity embedded in these rites. May this study guide your understanding and inspire compassion and unity in observing life’s inevitable transitions. ✨
Zayd Al-Hakim, 📜 Author & Islamic Studies Enthusiast October 14, 2023
