Introduction
The figure of the Cross, known as “Aṣ-Ṣalīb” in Arabic, holds profound symbolic significance in Christian theology. However, its recognition, or rather its rejection, within Islamic scripture reveals deeply-rooted theological divergences that open doors for rich interfaith dialogue and understanding.
Definition and Etymology
- Aṣ-Ṣalīb (Arabic: الصليب): Refers to the cross, a principal symbol in Christianity representing the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
- Crucifixion: The execution method where a person is nailed or bound to a cross; specifically central to Christian beliefs as the method of Jesus Christ’s death.
Background
The Qur’an, the holy scripture of Islam, explicitly refutes the crucifixional narrative of Jesus Christ, which starkly contrasts with Christian doctrines. According to Islamic tradition, Jesus (referred to as ‘Īsā) was neither killed nor crucified:
“And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.” (Qur’an, Surah An-Nisa, 4:157)
Cultural Differences and Similarities
- Islam: Denounces the crucifixion, believing that Jesus was raised to heaven by God, and will return in the eschatological context as a just leader.
- Christianity: The crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus are central tenets, pivotal to the faith’s soteriology.
- Cultural Confluence: Both religions venerate Jesus, albeit with notable differences in his role and life events.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Crucifix, Aṣ-Ṣalīb, Cross of Christ
- Antonyms: Resurrection in the Islamic context (as it implies divine rescue from crucifixion)
Related Terms
- Eschatology: Study of end times, significant in both Islamic and Christian theology.
- Atonement: In Christianity, the doctrine of Jesus’ death as reconciling humanity to God; not paralleled in Islamic theology.
Interesting Facts
- Inter-religious Respect: Despite Quranic assertions, Jesus (peace be upon him) is highly respected in Islam, recognized as a prophet and messenger.
- Destruction of the Cross: Islamic eschatology states that Jesus will return, not to affirm the Cross, but to abrogate certain Christian practices, emphasizing monotheism.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- Abū Hurairah narrates: “I swear by heaven, it is near, when Jesus the Son of Mary will descend from heaven upon your people, a just king, and He will break the cross, and kill the swine.” (Mishkāt, xxiii. c. vi.)
- Muir: “Muḥammad had such a repugnance to the form of the cross that he broke everything brought into his house with that figure upon it.” (Muir, iii. 61.)
Suggested Literature and Further Studies
- Books:
- Jesus in the Qur’an by Geoffrey Parrinder
- The Cross and The Crescent: Understanding the Muslim Heart and Mind by Bat Yeor
- Articles:
- “Christ in Islam” published in the Islamic Quarterly
- “Jesus, Cross, and Rescuer of Nations” in the Journal of Interfaith Studies
Quizzes
Reflecting on these perspectives, one can appreciate the richly layered theological constructs within Christianity and Islam, challenging us to advance in our journey towards comprehensive interfaith understanding.
Author Bio:
Fatima Al-Jafari is a renowned scholar in Islamic Studies, with a focus on interfaith dynamics and Quranic exegesis. Her works aim to foster dialogue and mutual understanding between different faith communities.
Published: October 5, 2023
Farewell Thought:
“In understanding the depths of our respective faiths, we do not merely learn about each other but also draw closer to the divine truths that unite us all.”
Interested readers are encouraged to delve deeper into the intriguing interplay of theology and eschatology presented here, fostering a spirit of knowledge and mutual respect.
