Definition
DAHHĀ (دهها): The ten days during the Islamic month of Muḥarram dedicated to public mourning, primarily observed by Shīʿah Muslims. These days culminate in the Day of Ashura, commemorating Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī’s martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala.
Etymology
The term “DAHHĀ (دهها)” is derived from the Persian word “ده” meaning ’ten.’ It signifies the first ten days of Muḥarram, an essential period in the Islamic lunar calendar.
Background
Muḥarram, the first month of the Islamic calendar, is one of the four sacred months mentioned in the Qurʾān. For Shīʿah Muslims, it holds particular significance due to the tragic events of Karbala, where Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, along with his companions, were martyred.
The observance of DAHHĀ involves various forms of communal grief, including reciting elegies, recounting the Battle of Karbala, and participating in processions and acts of penance. The culmination of DAHHĀ is the Day of Ashura, marked on the tenth of Muḥarram, a day of intense mourning and remembrance.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Shīʿah Practices: Shīʿah Muslims ritualize grief through public recitations, passion plays (Ta’ziye), laments, and processions, often engaging in self-flagellation to embody the sufferings of Ḥusayn.
Sunnī Practices: While Sunnī Muslims also acknowledge the significance of Ashura, their commemorations primarily focus on fasting, as it is believed that the Prophet Muhammad recommended fasting on this day to expiate sins.
Synonyms and Antonyms
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Synonyms:
- Muharram Observances
- Ashura Commemorations
- Mourning Days
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Antonyms:
- Eid Celebrations
- Festive Occasions
- Joyous Events
Related Terms
- Ashura: The tenth day of Muḥarram, marking the climax of DAHHĀ, a day of intense lamentation.
- Karbala: The site of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī’s martyrdom, central to DAHHĀ observances.
- Ta’ziye: Passion plays that dramatize the events of Karbala, reenacted during DAHHĀ.
- Ṣafar: The second month of the Islamic calendar, following Muḥarram.
Exciting Facts
- The observance of Ashura pre-dates Islam and was a day of fasting in pre-Islamic Arabia.
- The practice of public mourning for Ḥusayn began in earnest during the 10th century under the Būyid dynasty.
- In Iran, Ta’ziye performances are sophisticated theatrical shows that have become a unique cultural and artistic expression.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“Every day is Ashura, every land is Karbala.” — Shi’ite Proverb
“The story of Karbala is not a mere incident but an ideology.” — Murtaza Mutahhari
References and Suggested Literature
- “The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi’i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran” by Kamran Scot Aghaie. This book explores the significance of Karbala and the mourning rituals.
- “The History of al-Tabari” by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. A comprehensive history of early Islamic events, including the account of Karbala.
- “Shi’i Islam: An Introduction” by Najam Haider. Provides an overview of Shīʿah beliefs, practices, and history.
Quizzes
Farewell Thought
In exploring the DAHHĀ, we delve deep into the history, culture, and spiritual fabric of Shīʿah Islam, reflecting on the profound sacrifices and enduring legacy of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī. May the lessons of justice, resilience, and faith inspire us all.
Ibrahim Al-Yusuf
October 4, 2023
For further explorations into the rich tapestry of Islamic traditions, consider broadening your literary horizons with the suggested readings.
