Dar al-Taqiyyah: Territory of Dissimulation
Definition
Dar al-Taqiyyah (دار التقية) refers to “The Territory of Dissimulation.” In Kharijite and Shiite theology, it points to areas with challenging living conditions under oppressive regimes where religious minorities like the Shia and Kharijis must be discreet about their true beliefs or aims to avoid persecution.
Etymology
The Arabic phrase “Dar al-Taqiyyah” comprises two parts:
- Dar (دار): A common Arabic term meaning “house” or “territory.”
- Taqiyyah (تقية): Derived from the root wāw-qāf-yā (و-ق-ى) meaning “to guard” or “to shield.” Taqiyyah, therefore, literally means “dissimulation” or “precautionary dissimulation.”
Historical Background
The concept of taqiyyah emerged during early Islamic times, primarily among Shiite Muslims who faced persecution from Sunni majorities. The Shia regard taqiyyah as a protective measure that allows maintaining one’s faith while avoiding danger to life and limb. Notably, taqiyyah gained prominence post the Battle of Karbala (680 CE), where Imam Husayn, a significant Shii figure, was martyred.
Similarly, the Kharijis, known for their stringent views, employed dissimulation due to hostile political environments.
Cultural Dynamics
Taqiyyah’s use varies greatly depending on region and context:
- In Iran: Shii Muslims may use taqiyyah to counter perceived threats against their beliefs.
- In India and Pakistan: Both Sunni and Shia communities understand taqiyyah, although it is primarily practised within Shia minorities amidst heightened sectarian conflicts.
- In Lebanon: Shii communities such as Hezbollah employ taqiyyah in political scenarios.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Concealment, dissimulation, precautionary dissimulation.
- Antonyms: Open confession, declaration, proclamation.
Related Terms
- Imamiyya: The larger body of Twelver Shii Muslims who prominently practise taqiyyah.
- Khawarij: Early Islamic sect known for extremism, also engaged in dissimulation.
- Ghaybah: A state of occultation particularly significant in Shii belief, the hiding of the Twelfth Imam.
Quotations
- “In times of grave danger, hiding one’s belief is every bit as honorable as declaring it openly.”—Imam Jafar al-Sadiq
- “The rightful ruler deserves allegiance where freedom reigns; tyranny begets tenacity in portals hidden.” — Khawariji Poem, 8th century.
Literature and Further Reading
- Madelung, Wilferd. “The Succession to Muhammad.” Cambridge University Press, 1997.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. “Islamic Life and Thought.” State University of New York Press, 1981.
- Momen, Moojan. “An Introduction to Shi’i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi’ism.” Yale University Press, 1985.
Farewell Thought
Embracing one’s faith sometimes means sheltering it beneath layers of caution. Just as the seed needs soil to shield it before it sprouts, our beliefs need wisdom to guide them through turbulent times.
Amina Al-Fahad
2023-10-03
