DEPORTMENT: ʿilmu ʾl-muʿāsharah (علم المعاشرة)
Definition
Deportment in the Islamic context refers to the set of behaviors, manners, and posture that an individual should adopt in social settings. Known as ʿilmu ʾl-muʿāsharah in Arabic, it delineates the correct way of conducting oneself with politeness and respect.
Etymology
The Arabic term ʿilmu ʾl-muʿāsharah (علم المعاشرة) translates directly to “the knowledge of interaction” or “the science of conduct.” Deportment in Persian is referred to as nishast u barkhāst, encapsulating the basics of sitting, standing, and walking with decorum.
Background and Significance
Deportment is emphasized significantly in Islamic literature, guiding believers on the appropriate way to interact within their communities. The Prophetic traditions (ahadith) offer detailed, though sometimes varying accounts of Prophet Muhammad’s conduct, illustrating the manner in which he walked, sat, slept, and rose. These traditions give Muslims a practical model to emulate in their daily lives.
The Qurʾān itself advises modesty and humility in deportment. For example:
- Sūrah Al-Isra (17:37): “Do not walk proudly on the earth; your feet cannot tear apart the earth, nor can you stretch to the mountains in height.”
- Sūrah Al-Furqan (25:63): “The servants of the Merciful One are those who walk upon the earth lowly, and when the foolish address them, they reply with peace.”
These examples underline the importance of humility and modesty as crucial elements of deportment in Islam.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Across different Islamic cultures, the principles of deportment remain largely consistent but can manifest in varying etiquettes and customs. For example, the way modesty is shown in dressing can differ between cultures such as Arab, Persian, Turkish, or South Asian contexts.
Despite these differences, the core tenets of Islamic deportment, like humility, respect, and moderation, provide a unifying ethical framework.
Synonyms and Related Terms
- Adab (أدب): Etiquette, manners, and decency.
- Ḥaya (حياء): Modesty and shame.
- Akhlaq (أخلاق): Moral character and ethics.
- Muru’ah (مروءة): Chivalry and honorable conduct.
- Ḥilm (حِلم): Forbearance and self-control.
Antonyms
- Ruhāniyyah (رُوحانية): Rudeness or vulgarity.
- Takabbur (تَكَبُّر): Arrogance or pride.
Notable Quotes
- From the Akhlāq-i-Jalālī by Faqīr Jānī Muḥammad Asʿad: “He should not hurry as he walks, for that is a sign of levity; neither should he be unreasonably tardy, for that is a token of dullness.”
- Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): “The best of matters in action are those that are kept in the middle path.”
Relevant Literature
- “The Ideal Muslim” by Dr. Muhammad Ali Al-Hashimi: This book provides insights into the manners and behavior of a good Muslim, emphasizing deportment among other ethical categories.
- “The Ethics of Islam” by Yusuf Qardawi: This work introduces the ethical standards of Islam, including a section on personal conduct and social ethics.
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings: An in-depth biography discussing the practical implications of the Prophet’s behavior and teachings.
References and Further Studies
- Qurʾānic Verses and Tafsir: Study the previously mentioned verses and read various tafsirs (exegeses) such as those by Ibn Kathir or Al-Jalalayn for a deeper understanding.
- Hadith Collections: Explore Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim for numerous traditions on the Prophet’s deportment.
- Adab Literature: Classical Islamic texts focusing specifically on manners and personal conduct can offer detailed advice and historical context.
Peace and grace be upon you as you endeavor to embody the noble conduct and manners. May your learning journey illuminate your path towards greater civility, wisdom, and ethical living.
~ Zainab Al-Maaini
October 4, 2023
