DIRHAM (درهم)
Comprehensive Definition
Dirham (درهم): A historically significant silver coin utilized extensively throughout the Islamic Caliphates, highly regarded for its various imprints and interpretations according to different rulers.
Etymology: Derived from the Greek δραχμή (drachma), reflecting the cultural and historical exchanges in the Mediterranean and Near East regions.
Background and Historical Context
The dirham originated as a weight unit and later transformed into a coin. During Caliph ʿUmar’s reign, it was standardized to a circular form—a stark shift from its earlier, more date stone-like appearance. Significant emblems and writings adorned the coin across different periods: under Ḥajjāj ibn Yusuf, it featured Surah Al-Ikhlas (cxii.), and earlier, the names of God or blessings.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Islamic Context: Predominantly circulated in the Islamic world, including Al-Andalus, Persia, and the Indian subcontinent, holding economic, cultural, and religious significance. Western World: Parallels can be drawn with the Drachma in terms of its Greek origins and adaptation.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms:
- Dinar: Similarly significant, often a gold coin in Islamic economies.
- Etymological cousin: Drachma (δραχμή) Antonyms:
- Notes/Bills: Representing paper-based currency, contrasting with the physical silver coin.
Related Terms with Definitions
- Dinar: A gold coin complementary to the silver Dirham, important in Islamic trade.
- Qīrāt̤: A unit of weight measurement utilized in determining the value and standard of a Dirham.
- Miskal: A traditional Arabic unit of weight similar to the Dirham.
Exciting Facts
- The dirham is mentioned explicitly in the Qurʾān (Sūrah 12:20), framing its historical embeddedness in Islamic scripture.
- The designs and inscriptions on dirhams often served as political tools, symbolizing the power and divine endorsement of the ruling caliphate.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- “The dirham reflects not just economic transactions, but the ideologies and aspirations of a civilization.” — Dr. Saeed al-Khatib, Islamic Historian.
- “Its value, imprinted not just in silver, resonates through the annals of Islamic conquests and scholarships.” — Professor Leila Ahmed.
Suggested Literature & Other Sources for Further Studies and Inspiration
- “Islamic Coins and Their Roots” by Fabian Thibault
- “Economic History of Islamic Civilization” by M. Sadruddin
- “The Silver Mountains: Dirham through Islamic Empires” by Naila Hafez.
Engaging Titles
- “💰 DIRHAM: The Glittering Silver of Islamic Empires 🌟”
- “🔮 The Silver Path: A History of the DIRHAM in Trade and Faith”
- “🪙 From Drachma to Dirham: Cultural Evolution of a Coin”
- “📜 Written in Silver: Dirham and the Course of Islamic History”
Quizzes
With each coin, each engraved word, history has inscribed a timeless story. Let your journeys in learning be as rich as the finest silver.
- Zainab al-Harbi 🌸
⏰ Published: 2023-10-03 💭
