Definition
Mahr (Arabic: مهر), also referred to as dower, is a mandatory gift from the groom to the bride in Islamic marriage, symbolizing respect, commitment, and as a form of financial security for the wife. Two primary components define Mahr: muʿajjal (prompt) and muʾajjal (deferred).
Etymology
The term “Mahr” is derived from the Arabic root (م هـ ر), meaning to endow or offer a bridal gift. In Hebrew, the similar term mohar (מֹהַר) underscores a culturally unified practice spanning ancient Middle Eastern societies.
Background
Islamic jurisprudence views Mahr as an essential ember of the marriage contract. It encompasses the contractual disposition of marital rights and obligations; fundamentally, it reflects the groom’s sincere intent and respect for the marital union and ensures financial security for the bride.
Legal Aspect and Cultural Practices
Variability
- Legality: As stipulated in Islamic law, the dower is obligatory upon marriage, enforceable by demand, notwithstanding its omission in formal documentation.
- Cultural Practices: Diverse cultures interpret and practice Mahr variably. For instance, in South Asia, Mahr can be notably sizable to deter recklessness in marriage obligations.
Components
- Muʿajjal: Payable immediately upon contract execution.
- Muʾajjal: Payable upon contract dissolution or, often, upon the husband’s death.
Synonyms
- Bridal Gift
- Marital Endowment
- Nuptial Gift
Antonyms
- Bride Price (distinct cultural context)
- Dowry (generally wealth transferred from bride’s family to groom)
Related Terms with Definitions
- Marriage Contract (Nikah): The formal Islamic marriage contract binding the two parties.
- Mehriyyah: Specifications regarding Mahr in the broader context of marital rights.
Exciting Facts
- Historical Marriages: The Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) provided Mahr to his wives as an indication of this principle.
- Customary Practices: Mahr has been practiced across multiple Islamic eras and provinces, each reflective of socio-economic conditions.
Quotations & References
Quotation
“Mahr signifies trust and security for the woman and her rights, ensuring respect for the sanctity of marriage.” — Abul Ala Maududi
References
- Tagore Law Lectures, 1873
- Hidāyah, Vol. 1
- Hanafi School of Thought on Marriage Laws
Suggested Literature
- “The Rights of Women in Islam” by Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
- “Fiqh us-Sunnah: Marriage and Family Relations” by Sayyid Sabiq
- “Islamic Marriage” by Jamal Badawi
Further Studies and Inspiration
Engaging more deeply with Islamic jurisprudential texts and contemporary discussions on women’s rights may offer new insights into the richness and complexity of Mahr. Consider enrolling in courses on Islamic law or cultural studies to broaden your understanding.
Quizzes
Inspirational parting thought: “The essence of Mahr in Islam goes beyond mere material conveyance; it symbolizes enduring respect, equity, and the shared journey of life.”
Fatima Al-Abbas, 2023-10-07.
