👂🎓 Understanding ABKAM (ابكم): The Islamic Perspective on Muteness
Definition
Abkam (ابكم), in Arabic, refers to a person who is mute, specifically one who has been born without the ability to speak. The plural form is Bukm. In Islamic law, such an individual can perform legal acts using intelligible signs, such as bequests, marriage, divorce, sales, and acknowledgements of faith; however, the ability to engage in qiṣāṣ (retaliation for murder) is limited.
Etymology & Background
Etymology: The word Abkam comes from the root “ب ك م” (b-k-m), meaning “to be mute” or “unable to speak.” The gendered form is “abkam” (male) and “bakma” (female), with the plural being “bukm.”
Background: Islamic jurisprudence, or Fiqh, addresses various conditions and abilities of individuals within the framework of Sharia (Islamic law). Abkam denotes those born mute and considers their specific roles and rights in legal, social, and religious contexts.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Across various cultures, individuals who are mute often navigate unique social and legal frameworks. In many societies, including Islamic ones, sign language and other forms of non-verbal communication become vital for interaction.
Similarities:
- In both Islamic and secular legal systems, non-verbal communication (such as sign language) is recognized as a valid form of expression for legal and contractual obligations.
Differences:
- The limitations on certain legal actions, such as qiṣāṣ (retaliation for murder), are specific to Islamic law.
- The emphasis on faith-related acknowledgements through signs is notably particular to religious contexts.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms:
- Mute
- Speechless
- Silent
Antonyms:
- Articulate
- Vocal
- Expressive
Related Terms & Definitions
- Qiṣāṣ: Retaliation for murder; a principle of equivalence in Islamic criminal law.
- Sharia: Islamic law derived from the Qur’an and Hadith.
- Bequests: The act of giving or distributing one’s wealth through a will.
- Marriage Contracts: Legal agreements in Islamic law pertaining to marriage.
Exciting Facts
- Sign Language in Islam: Many Islamic communities incorporate sign language adapted to their linguistic contexts to ensure inclusive religious practice.
- Universal Representation: Intelligible signs such as nodding, pointing, or body language are universally understood, showcasing human cultural unity.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- “In the diversity of tongues and abilities, Islam seeks the unity of the soul’s intentions.” - Yusuf Al-Qaradawi
Suggested Literature and Other Sources
- “Hidāyah,” translated and explained vol. iv, p. 568.
- “Fiqh-us-Sunnah” by Ahmad al-Khuduri
- “The Islamic Law of Personal Status” by Jamal J. Nasir
As we delve into the nuanced aspects of Islamic jurisprudence, it becomes evident that the faith fundamentally respects human diversity, emphasizing clarity and inclusivity in communication.
Stay inspired, Ibrahim Al-Yousuf
