FARĀʾIẒ (فرائض): Exploring the Islamic Law of Inheritance 📜
What is FARĀʾIẒ (فرائض)?
FARĀʾIẒ (فرائض), the plural of Farīẓah, translates to “inheritances” and encompasses the laws governing inheritance in Islamic jurisprudence. The term Farīẓah itself means an ordinance commanded by God, highlighting its divine origin and significance.
Etymology and Background
The term Farāʾiẓ comes from the Arabic root “F-R-D” (ف-ر-ض), which means to impose or ordain. FARĀʾIẒ refers specifically to the distributive laws of inheritance set out by God in the Qur’an, particularly in Surah An-Nisa (Chapter 4), verses 7-14, which are among the most detailed legal instructions found in the holy scripture.
Cultural Differences and Similiarities
While the principles of inheritance under Islamic law are consistent across the Muslim world, their application can vary depending on local customs, statutory laws, and whether they are interpreted through Sunni or Shia jurisprudence. Similar to other cultural practices, the core idea remains the equitable distribution of assets among heirs―a concept echoed in many societies.
Synonyms and Related Terms
Synonyms:
- Islamic Inheritance Law
- ʿIlmu ʾl-Farāʾiẓ
Related Terms:
- Mirath (ميراث): Refers to legacy or heritage in the context of inheritance.
- Wasiyah (وصيه): A will or bequest.
- Awl (العول): A method of re-adjustment of shares when the prescribed shares surpass the total estate.
- ‘Asabah (العصبة): Residual heirs who inherit the remainder.
Antonyms
Antonyms:
- Disinheritance
- Exclusion from inheritance
Exciting Facts
- The science of FARĀʾIẒ is one of the oldest and most advanced forms of legal jurisprudence, renowned for its complexity.
- It emphasizes fair distribution, ensuring no blood relative is left without support.
- Early Muslim scholars devoted whole books explicitly to this subject, highlighting its importance in classical Islamic law.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“The laws of inheritance as outlined in the Qur’an are unmatched in their detail and wisdom. They ensured economic stability and family cohesion long before modern laws emerged.” – Dr. Tariq Ramadan
“FARĀʾIẒ demonstrates the intricacies of divine command in mundane affairs, showing Islam’s holistic approach to life and death.” – Karen Armstrong
References and Suggested Literature
- “An Introduction to Islamic Law” by Joseph Schacht
- “The Islamic Law of Inheritance: A Comparative Study” by Naveed S. Ahmed
- “Understanding Islamic Law (Shari‘a)” by Raj Bhala
- “Inheritance in Islam: Explaining Qur’anic verses on Inheritance” (written by Muslim scholars available in different resources)
- “Fiqh al-Farā’idh” by Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi
With the power of understanding comes the duty to guide and support. Farewell, and may your quest for knowledge be fruitful and enlightening.
Yours in learning,
Kamilah Zahra
Published on: October 5, 2023
