Comprehensive Definition:
GHĪBAH (غـيبة)
Meaning: GHĪBAH refers to the act of backbiting or slandering an absent person. Its gravity lies in uttering something about someone that would harm their reputation, even if the statement is true. Distinguishing g͟hībah from buhtān (false accusation) lies in the factual accuracy of the uttered defamation.
Etymology:
Arabic roots trace “GHĪBAH” (غـيبة) back to “غ ي ب” (gh-y-b), which implies absence or unseen aspects. This connection underscores the act’s core principle—discussing someone not present to defend themselves.
Background:
Islamic moral teachings prioritizes safeguarding the social fabric through dignified interaction and unwavering respect for individual’s honor. GHĪBAH disrupts this harmony by sowing discord and fostering mistrust.
The Qurʾān powerfully prohibits GHĪBAH in Sūrah Al-Hujurat [49:12]:
“O believers, avoid much [negative] assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it.”
Cultural Differences and Similarities:
The universal condemnation of GHĪBAH aligns with numerous global ethical norms. Gossip and slander are typically recognized as harmful across various cultures. However, the specific religious gravity attributed to GHĪBAH within Islamic communities speaks to unique spiritual and moral precepts engrained in the faith tradition.
Synonyms and Antonyms:
Synonyms:
- Slander
- Backbiting
- Defamation
- Calumny
Antonyms:
- Praise
- Commendation
- Compliment
- Honoring
Related Terms:
- Buhtān (بُهْتَان) - False accusation of someone not present.
- Namīmah (نَميمة) - Spreading malicious gossip.
- Taqwā (تقوى) - Piety or God-consciousness; involves abstaining from GHĪBAH.
Exciting Facts:
- GHĪBAH is metaphorically likened to eating the flesh of one’s dead brother, highlighting its detestable nature.
- Islamic scholars emphasize repentance and seeking forgiveness from the person slandered as key steps towards spiritual redemption.
- In social ethics, GHĪBAH is a breach of a person’s private life, eroding social trust and the unity of the Ummah (global Muslim community).
Quotes from Notable Writers:
“The worthiest of people to be forgiven is he who has often forgiven others.” – Imam Ali (a.s.)
“A Muslim is he whose tongue and hand others are safe from.” – Prophet Muhammad (may peace be upon him)
Suggested Literature & Further Studies:
- “Al-Adab Al-Mufrad” by Imam al-Bukhari
- “Getting Haly” What the Qur’an Said by Aisha Bewley
- “Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms, and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart” by Hamza Yusuf
- “The Forty Hadith of An-Nawawi: Improving Character”
Quizzes:
May your journey into the ethics of Islamic teachings inspire a world of respect and integrity in relationships.
— Fatimah Al-Hadi, 2023-10-05
