Hisbah 📜
Definition and Meaning:
Hisbah (Arabic: الحسبة) is an Islamic institution responsible for community morals and public law and order, focusing on market supervision, prayer regulation, mosque maintenance, and community welfare. The muhtasib, the official in charge, ensures conformity to Islamic ethical standards.
Etymology 📖
The term “Hisbah” originates from the Arabic root “ح-س-ب” (ḥ-s-b), which implies the act of supervising or calculating.
Background and Functions ✍️
Historically, the role of Hisbah was crucial in Islamic societies:
- Prayers and Mosque Maintenance: Ensuring regularity and proper conduct in communal prayers.
- Community Matters: Addressing societal issues such as crime, disputes, and public behavior.
- Market Dealings: Inspecting weights and measures, ensuring fair trade and ethical business practices.
Historical Facts and Dates 📅
- 8th Century: Formalized during the Abbasid Caliphate under Caliph Harun al-Rashid.
- Ottoman Era: Saw a structured and institutionalized form of Hisbah involving detailed market regulations.
Cultural Differences and Similarities 🌍
- Middle East: Maintained strong traditional influence and structured Hisbah systems.
- Southeast Asia: Adaptations based on local customs while maintaining the core principles.
- Colonial Era Impact: During Western colonialism, Hisbah functions were absorbed by secular administrative departments, altering its original structure.
Synonyms and Antonyms 📝
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Synonyms:
- Icazeth (Turkish)
- Šahrestānī (Persian)
- Pasar (Indonesian)
-
Antonyms:
- Anarchy
- Lawlessness
Related Terms
- Muhtasib: The official responsible for execution of Hisbah duties.
- Shari’ah: Islamic law upon which Hisbah regulations are based.
- Fiqh: Jurisprudence that provides the legal framework for Hisbah functions.
Exciting Facts ✍️
- Some traditional Muhtasib roles resemble contemporary consumer protection agencies.
- The historical methods of market inspection by Muhtasibs are still studied in modern times for fair trade laws.
Notable Quotations 💬
“The preciseness with which the muhtasib carries out his duties reflects the ethical backbone of the community.” — Al-Ghazali
“Hisbah is not just about regulation; it’s about nurturing a society based on mutual respect and fairness.” — Ibn Taymiyyah
Further Reading Suggestions 📚
- “The Muhtasib as Guardian of Public Morality in Islam” by Norbert Hofmann.
- “Understanding Islamic Market Authority” by Zaydan Al-Hassan.
- “Islamic Law and Society” journal.
As we delve into the principles of Hisbah, it’s essential to recognize the universal ideals of fairness, justice, and ethical conduct it seeks to instill. Through the lens of history and evolution, Hisbah reminds us of the timeless importance of moral accountability in every thriving community.
Sarwat Yasmin Khalid
Published: 2023-10-03
“In striving for just and equitable societies, we walk in the footprints of wisdom laid down by our ancestors.”
