Definition§
In Islam, a zauj (زوج) refers to a husband, whose role encompasses specific responsibilities and rights within the marital relationship. A husband’s rights and duties generally pertain to providing for his wife’s basic needs—including food, clothing, and lodging. Distinctions in the interpretation of these responsibilities exist between Sunni and Shīʿah schools of thought.
Etymology§
Zauj (زوج) stems from classical Arabic, where it generally denotes “pair” or “spouse”. The term signifies the partner in a marital union.
Background§
The rights and obligations of a husband in Islamic tradition are derived from the Qur’an, Hadith, and additional Islamic jurisprudence such as the Hidāyah. The Hidāyah holds considerable influence in Hanafi jurisprudence, an authoritative Sunni doctrine.
Cultural Differences and Similarities§
While Sunnī and Shīʿah traditions share broad similarities in defining the husband’s responsibilities, nuances persist:
- Sunni Law: It bars a husband’s testimony regarding his wife in legal matters, typically to prevent conflicts of interest.
- Shīʿah Law: More permissive in accepting testimonies between spouses under certain conditions.
- Both require equitable treatment among multiple wives, but specific juristic schools may have subtler differences in application.
Synonyms§
- Spouse
- Consort
- Life partner
Antonyms§
- Wife (زوجة)
- Bachelor (عَزَب)
Related Terms§
- Nikah (نكاح): Islamic marriage contract
- Mahr (مَهر): Mandatory payment from husband to wife at marriage
- Mehram (محرم): A lawful or forbidden in marriage individual
Exciting Facts§
- Historical Precedent: In many early Islamic states, husbands faced legal obligations to prevent neglect and maintain fairness in marital relations.
- Witness Testimonies: Despite restrictions, exceptions exist, allowing for a dynamic interpretation of legal stipulations.
- Equity Principle: The mandate for a husband to alternate and provide equal residence among his wives reflects Islam’s broader emphasis on justice.
Quotations from Notable Writers§
- “Marriage in Islam lays foundations built upon equity, justice, and mutual respect–hidden under these responsibilities are spiritual rewards.” —Hakim El-Mansur
Further Reading and Inspiration§
References§
- †al-Marghinani, Burhan-ud-din. “Hidāyah.” Islamic Legal Text, multiple volumes.
- †Iqbal, Afzal. “The Rights of Husband and Wife.” Islamic Jurisprudence Studies, 1998.
Suggested Literature§
- “Marriage and Morals in Islam” by Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi
- “Islamic Family Law” by Noel Coulson
- “The Concept of Justice in Islam” by Khaled Abou El Fadl
Thank you for exploring the intricate roles and responsibilities surrounding marriage in Islam. Understanding the depth of these traditions fosters greater appreciation and respect for the diverse expressions of human relationships.
— Hakim El-Mansur, 2023
