Definition
Ḥidād (حـداد): An Islamic term denoting the specific mourning period observed by a widow after her husband’s death, lasting four months and ten days. During Ḥidād, the widow refrains from wearing perfumes, jewelry, colorful clothing, and participating in celebratory events.
Etymology & Literal Meaning
The word “Ḥidād” originates from the Arabic root word حـد (ḥ-d-d), which communicates the idea of boundary or limitation, reflecting the period’s prescribed restrictions.
Background
Islamic teachings lay out detailed guidelines for mourning practices that demonstrate respect for the deceased and allow for the widow’s grief to be expressed through specific practices. The period of Ḥidād is mentioned in the Qur’an (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:234).
Cultural Interpretations
Similarities
- Respect for the Deceased: Much like other cultures that have mourning periods, the primary reason for Ḥidād is showing due reverence and respect to the departed loved one.
Differences
- Specific Time Frame: Islam specifies an exact duration of four months and ten days, which differs from the more flexible approaches seen in other cultural practices.
- Behavioral Restrictions: The exact nature of restrictions (fragrance use, clothing colors, adornments) also sets Ḥidād apart.
Synonyms
- Mourning
- Bereavement
- Grieving
Antonyms
- Celebration
- Festival
Related Terms with Definitions
Janāzah (جنازة): Islamic funeral rites carried out promptly after a person’s death including proper washing, shrouding, and prayer.
Iḥtibār (احتبار): Reflection on death and afterlife, relating to the consideration and contemplation about mortality.
Exciting Facts
- Combination of Divine Directives and Prophetic Teachings: Ḥidād is derived from both the Qur’an and the Hadiths, underscoring how scriptural and traditional prophetic teachings guide Muslim behavior.
- Symbolism of Four Months: Historically, these months reflect one-third of a lunar year, blending symbolic interpretation and temporal rule.
- Global Practice: Despite minor local variations, the practice of Ḥidād remains consistent among Muslim communities worldwide.
Quotation
“The prescribed waiting period for those who die and leave behind widows is four months and ten days.” — Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:234
Suggested Literature and Further Study
Books
- “The Lives of Muslim Women” by Lila Abu-Lughod
- “Widows in Islamic Tradition: Mourning and Widowhood Among Muslims” by Leilah Ahmed
- “The Hadith and How It Relates To Muslim Women” by Aisha Bewley
Academic Articles
- “Death and Mourning in Islam: Perspectives and Contexts” in the Journal of Islamic Studies.
- “Widowhood and Social Legislation” from the International Review of Islamic Studies.
Further Reading
- “Islamic Studies: A Guide to Traditional Islam” by Sayyid Abul A’la Maududi.
Quiz
Thank you for embarking on this educational journey to comprehend the profound significance of Ḥidād in Islam. Through our study, we not only honor traditional practices but also deepen our respect and empathy for those who observe them.
— Fatima Al-Khawarizmi, October 2023
