IFT̤ĀR (افطار)
Definition
IFT̤ĀR (افطار) refers to the act of breaking one’s fast with the evening meal after sunset during the holy month of Ramadan, as well as the meal itself. It also marks the conclusion of the month-long fast on the evening of ʿĪdu ʾl-Fit̤r, upon sighting the new moon.
Etymology
The term “IFT̤ĀR” comes from the Arabic root “فطر” (faṭara), meaning “to break” or “breaking.” It directly connects with the Muslim practice of breaking the daily fast.
Background
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Fasting during this month is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, requiring Muslims to abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs during daylight hours. Ift̤ār marks the end of the daily fast, often starting with dates, following the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) tradition.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Ift̤ār can vary greatly across different cultures. In some regions, the meal might start with traditional foods such as dates and water, followed by a rich array of dishes, while in others, the focus might be on simplicity and hydration.
- Arab World: Dates, water, soup, and traditional dishes such as samosas.
- South Asia: Dishes like pakoras, samosas, and fruit chaat.
- Turkey: Olives, cheese, sujuk sausage, and lentil soup.
- Indonesia: Sweet dishes like kolak and various fried snacks.
Synonyms & Antonyms
Synonyms:
- Futoor (feast)
- Breaking the Fast
Antonyms:
- Ṣawm (fasting)
- Abstinence
Related Terms with Definitions
- Ṣawm (صَوْمٌ): Fasting; abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset during Ramadan.
- Ramaḍān (رَمَضَان): The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, a period of fasting, prayer, reflection, and community.
- Tarawih (تَرَاوِيح): Optional nightly prayers performed during Ramadan.
Exciting Facts
- Health Benefits: Many studies suggest intermittent fasting like that practiced during Ramadan can offer various health benefits, such as improved metabolism.
- Community: Ift̤ār often acts as a unifying event, with Muslims gathering in mosques and homes worldwide to break their fast together.
Quotations
“The fast is not an abstention from food, but a direction towards the soul’s nourishment.” - Fatima Asma, Contemporary Islamic Scholar
References and Suggested Literature
- “Emerging voices: experiences: of fasting during Ramadan” by Simin Karbasi
- “The Spirit of Ramadan: Illuminating the Divine” by Aisha Ibrahim
- “Prophet Muhammad: A Biography” by Karen Armstrong for understanding the Prophet’s traditions
Farewell Thought:
“The holy month is a journey of reflection and empathy. Rediscovering oneself through prayers, fasting, and Ift̤ār allows a deep connection with one’s spirituality and the community.”
Salim Al-Nasir, October 2023
