Definition: In Islam, Ḥijr (حجر) primarily encapsulates the concept of interdiction or prevention. Legally, it pertains to the limitation of actions concerning a specific individual, often due to their status as an infant, an idiot, or a slave. Furthermore, Al-Ḥijr is a renowned region within the province of al-Ḥijāz and denotes the residence of the historical tribe S̤amūd. One of the Qurʾān’s surahs, Sūrah 15, carries this title to highlight the narrative mentioned.
Etymology: Ḥijr (حجر) stems from the root word ḥ-j-r in Arabic, signifying prevention or banning. It speaks to a legal or social restriction and integrates deeply with Islamic jurisprudence and theological understandings.
Background and Context
- Legal Interdiction: Derived chiefly from Islamic law, the term signifies restrictions imposed on certain individuals. It applies to those considered incapable of managing their affairs, which includes minors, people with intellectual disabilities, and slaves. References can be found in Islamic legal texts, such as Hidāyah (vol. iii. p. 468).
- Geographical Significance: Al-Ḥijr reaches its prominence due to its historical and scriptural significance. Positioned between al-Madīnah and Syria, it is the ancient dwelling of the S̤amūd tribe, as reflected in the Qurʾānic verse (Sūrah 15:80).
Cultural Differences and Similarities
- Differences: Al-Ḥijr blends legal, religious, and historical narratives, resembling intercultural concepts of restricted autonomy or blessed lands with ominous pasts. The legal aspect contrasts with secular legal interdictions in Western jurisprudence.
- Similarities: Across various cultures, interdiction is a common legal principle, be it in the guardianship laws against exploitation.m
Synonyms:
- Prevention
- Prohibition
- Barrier
Antonyms:
- Permission
- Freedom
Related Terms with Definitions:
- Mani‘: A broader term indicating prevention or obstruction in general contexts.
- Ǧabl: Referring to the capability and legal qualification of conducting actions, opposite to Ḥijr.
Exciting Facts:
- The ruined settlements of the tribe S̤amūd in Al-Ḥijr are considered important archaeological sites today.
- The term also relates deeply to the prohibitions imposed in Harām sites like Al-Ḥaram in Mecca.
Quotations from Notable Writers:
“The inhabitants of al-Ḥijr likewise accused the messenger of God of imposture.” — Qurʾān, Sūrah 15:80
Suggested Literature and Other Sources for Further Studies and Inspiration:
- “Hidāyah”: Key Islamic legal text examining the intricate legalities of Ḥijr.
- “The Archaeology of al-Ḥijr”: A detailed exploration of the region and its significance.
- “An Introduction to Islamic Law” by Joseph Schacht: A comprehensive guide on Islamic legal principles including interdiction.
May this lexicon entry inspire great thought and spiritual depth, opening avenues for deeper learning and understandings of key Islamic tenets.
Scholar Amina Al-Fahad, October 2023.
“Knowledge without action is of no value, and knowledge with action – infinitely profound,” – A timeless Islamic aphorism.
