Etymology and Definition
ʿIllīyūn (عليون) is derived from the Arabic root ʿ-l-w, meaning “high” or “elevated.” Within Islamic theology, the term signifies a realm of celestial bliss and the register where the deeds of the righteous are recorded.
Background and Theological Significance
In Islamic eschatology, ʿIllīyūn is frequently mentioned as the highest place of paradise, signifying spiritual elevation. It is depicted in the Qur’an, specifically in Sūrat al-Tat̤fīf (83:18), highlighting the prominent position of this realm. The traditional hadith collections, such as Mishkāt, also delve deeply into this concept, illustrating the journey of the soul through celestial realms until it reaches this exalted state.
Theological and Cultural Context
The idea of a heavenly register for deeds bears resemblance to other religious traditions that emphasize accountability and divine recordkeeping. However, in Islamic thought, ʿIllīyūn epitomizes the pinnacle of spiritual achievement, attainable through righteous living.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
While many Abrahamic religions involve concepts of heavenly recordkeeping, ʿIllīyūn is uniquely contextualized within Islamic eschatology. Comparable yet distinct practices include the Book of Life in Judaism and the Heavenly Book in Christianity.
Synonyms, Antonyms, and Related Terms
Synonyms
- Jannah (جنة): Often referred to as Paradise.
- Firdaws (فردوس): A term for the highest level of Jannah.
Antonyms
- Sijjin (سجين): The register of the unrighteous, mentioned in the same sūrah that discusses ʿIllīyūn.
Related Terms with Definitions
- Taṣfīf (طفيف): “Under-weighing” or “defrauding”, a term from the same sūrah signifying injustices that ʿIllīyūn counters through righteousness.
- Eschatology: The branch of theology concerning final events in the history of the world, distinctly important in studying the concept of ʿIllīyūn.
Exciting Facts
- Multiple Layers: Islamic texts describe seven heavens, with ʿIllīyūn comprising the highest echelon, emphasizing exclusivity and bliss.
- Angelic Roles: Angels transport the soul through different layers, emphasizing a collaborative effort in divine judgment.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“In every eternal soul’s journey, the ascent towards ʿIllīyūn marks the actualization of divine promises in the serene gardens of righteousness.”
— Aisha Al-Tayyar
Recommended Literature and Further Studies
- “Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions” by Jane Dammen McAuliffe
- “Eschatology in Islam” by Michael Cook
- “Gardens of the Righteous” by Imam Nawawi
May your quest for understanding guide you towards ever higher realms of knowledge!
👤 Khadija Al-Zahraa
📅 Published: 2023-10-03
