Definition
ʿIlmu ʾS-Siḥr (علم السحر) refers to the science or study of magic within the context of Islamic teachings. It encompasses a broad spectrum of practices ranging from the supernatural and esoteric to the occult, often dealt with caution and forbidden within orthodox Islamic discourses.
Etymology
The term “ʿIlmu ʾS-Siḥr” combines the Arabic words ʿIlmu (علم - “knowledge” or “science”) and Siḥr (سحر - “magic”). The root s-ḥ-r in Arabic denotes something elusive or concealed, aligning with the nature of magic as esoteric and often mysterious knowledge.
Background
Magic, or Siḥr, transcends explanations of natural phenomena, implying control or manipulation over events using supernatural means. Islamic theology generally discourages the seeking or practicing of Siḥr, differentiating between permissible miracles (اʿجائب) conferred by God to the prophets, and forbidden witchcraft and sorcery associated with hidden knowledge and malevolent intent.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Differences:
- Islamic Context: Within Islam, magic is strictly condemned, considered a transgression against God’s will, and often linked to Shayṭān (شيطان) or demonic forces.
- Western Perception: Contrastingly, Western culture depicts magic in a more neutral or even romantic light via literature and cinema, emphasizing its whimsical or heroic aspects.
Similarities:
- Universal Curiosity: Across cultures, whether in Islam or other traditions, magic symbolizes human curiosity about the unknown and a desire to transcend ordinary reality.
- Protection and Harm: Both globally and in Islamic contexts, ʿIlmu ʾS-Siḥr can have dual aspects—protective (e.g., amulets) versus harmful or destructive (siḥr hārm).
Synonyms
- Sorcery (ܨܦܣ - siḥr)
- Witchcraft (kahāna)
- Occult Practices
Antonyms
- Piety (Ṭāʿāh)
- Righteousness (Ṣālah)
- Miracles (مُعجزات - Muʿjizāt)
Related Terms
- Jinn (Jinni الجن): Supernatural beings with freedom of moral choice, often involved in folklore relating to Siḥr.
- Talisman (تَمائم – Tamāʾim): Objects believed to purportedly carry magical properties used for protection.
Exciting Facts
- The Qur’an narrates the story of Harut and Marut, two angels who, according to Islamic tradition, taught humanity the dangers of magic.
- In Islamic eschatology, practices like Siḥr are often mentioned as signs of moral downfall preceding the Day of Judgment.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- “Magic, in its inevitable nature to belong beyond earthly understanding, teaches us little more about power and vastly more about its deceit.” – Ibn Khaldun
Suggested Literature and Other Sources
- Books:
- “Magic in Islam” by Michael Muhammad Knight
- “Islamic Occultism in the Deccan: Sufism, Magic and Literacy” by Narayan Rao
- Articles:
- “Sorcery and Witchcraft in the Muslim World” by Amira El-Zein
- “Jinn, Magic and Divination” by Amira el-Zein (also an article)
Quizzes
In your journey of discovery, remember that the exploration of ʿIlmu ʾS-Siḥr offers a profound insight into how humanity navigates its understanding of power and the unseen. How we choose to engage with such knowledge speaks volumes about our values and beliefs. Let the intrigue of the unknown guide you, but keep the wisdom and ethics close.
Warm Regards,
Rahma Al-Bashir
October 5, 2023
“Knowledge is not merely the acquisition of facts but the navigation of understanding to foster wisdom.”
