Definition of Intizar

Intizar (Arabic: انتظار; Persian: انتظار; Urdu: انتظار; Turkish: Bekleyiş) refers to the concept of waiting, especially within the context of Shia Islam. The term became widely known through the work of Iranian thinker Ali Shariati, who re-defined it into a powerful notion addressing the pursuit of justice and refusal of oppression.

Etymology and Background

• Etymology: The term Intizar originates from the Arabic root n-ẓ-r (نظر), which conveys meanings related to “looking” or “awaiting.”
• Historical Context: Ali Shariati (1933-1977), a notable Iranian sociologist and reformer, popularized this term in his 1971 lecture “Waiting: The Religion of Refusal.” Shariati leveraged the concept of Intizar as not mere passive waiting but an active and dynamic act of resistance against social and political injustices.
• Religious Ties: In Shia Islam, Intizar also alludes to the expectation of the Mahdi (المهدي المنتظر, al-Mahdi al-Muntazar), the prophesized savior who is believed to bring justice and peace to earth.

Historical and Cultural Context

• Ali Shariati’s Influence: Ali Shariati emphasized that while waiting for the Mahdi, the faithful must actively engage in societal transformation and justice, advocating against the oppressive status quo.
• Shia Tradition: Generally, within Shia tradition, Intizar for the Mahdi is a significant part of eschatological beliefs, guiding followers to live righteous lives adhering to justice, compassion, and societal well-being.

Cultural Differences and Synonyms

• Iranian Context: In Iran, Intizar takes on a socio-political dimension, inspired deeply by Shariati’s teachings.
• Indo-Pak Context: In South Asia, it is equated with the shared understanding in Shia communities, emphasizing both spiritual and moral preparation for the Mahdi’s coming.
• Turkey & Indonesia Context: Terms like “Bekleyiş” in Turkish and “Menunggu” in Indonesian similarly reflect the anticipation and active hope within their respective cultures.

Similar Terms:

• Al-Muntazar (المحتزر): Directly refers to “the awaited one” in Arabic.
• Intizaari (انتظاری): An Urdu variant contextualized in poetic and spiritual discussions.

Related Terms with Definitions:

• Mahdi (المهدي): The guided one in Islamic eschatology, expected to appear and bring justice.
• Adl (عدل): Justice, a core concept in Islam closely tied with Shia doctrine.
• Jihad (جهاد): Struggle or striving, often misunderstood but encapsulates active struggle for righteousness.

Exciting Facts

• Inspirational Figure: Ali Shariati is often dubbed as “The Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution” for his profound influence on socio-political thoughts, intertwining ideology and religious beliefs.
• Global Influence: Despite primarily influencing Shia Muslims, Shariati’s concept of active waiting has inspired numerous activists and thinkers around the world, advocating for justice and equality in line with Islamic principles.

Quotations from Notable Writers

• “Intizar is not a passive existence—it is an enduring struggle for justice against the forces of tyranny.”—Ali Shariati
• “To wait is not only to hope but also to strive for the realization of justice.”—M. R. Murakhabar

Suggested Literature

1. “Hajj and Other Polemical Writings” by Ali Shariati – A collection that delves into Shariati’s thoughts on active struggle and religious duty.
2. “Expectations in the Light of Shia Doctrine” by Ayatollah Murtadha Mutahhari – Explains the concept of Mahdi from a scholarly Shia perspective.
3. “Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati” by Ali Rahnema – Unfolds the political life and ideals of Shariati.
4. “Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi’ism” by Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina – Provides a detailed scholarly overview of the Mahdi.

Farewell Thought

Remember, Intizar in its truest essence calls upon each one to make just and righteous actions now, preparing not only for future hope but paving the path today.

Author: Hussain Al-Rahim
Date: 2023-10-04