Definition
Khassah (خاصّة) refers to specific passages within the Qur’an that are understood to apply exclusively to particular individuals, times, places, or situations. Unlike verses with general applicability, known as ‘Amm (عامّة), Khassah verses are firmly grounded in their distinct historical context.
Etymology
The word “Khassah” derives from the Arabic root “خ-ص-ص” (kṣṣ), which typically means “to specify” or “distinguish.” The term reflects the idea of pinpointing or isolating particular applications of scriptural text.
Background and Historical Facts
In Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and exegesis (Tafsir), differentiating between Khassah and ‘Amm verses is crucial for adequately applying Sharia law. Determining which verses are Khassah involves thorough historical and contextual analysis, a practice that dates back to the early interpretations offered by Sahabah (Companions of Prophet Muhammad).
Historical Timeline:
- 6th-7th Century CE: Revelation period of the Qur’an. Specific contexts are memorized by early Muslims.
- 8th-9th Century CE: Compilation of Hadith and Tafsir literature began, establishing scholarly efforts to contextualize the Qur’anic verses.
- 11th-14th Century CE: Classical period of Islamic jurisprudence, where scholars like Al-Ghazali delved deeper into the principles of Fiqh, including the differentiation between Khassah and ‘Amm.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
While all Islamic cultures study the concept of Khassah, the prioritization and methods of determination can vary:
- Sunni and Shia Interpretations: Share foundational perspectives but may differ in specific verses and application contexts.
- Culturally Diverse Implementation: Southeast Asian Muslims may blend regional customs with interpretations, while Middle Eastern scholars often follow traditional methodologies.
Synonyms
- Nasi’ (نسخ)
- Murad (مُراد)
Antonyms
- ‘Amm (عامّة) - General applicability verses.
- Mubham (مبهم) - Ambiguous or non-specific terms.
Related Terms
- Tafsir (تفسير): Interpretations or explanations of the Qur’an.
- Fiqh (فقه): Islamic jurisprudence.
- Ijma (إجماع): Consensus of scholars.
Exciting Facts
- Imam Shafi’i, one of the foremost Islamic jurists, emphasized the importance of distinguishing between Khassah and ‘Amm in his foundational work, “al-Risala.”
- The concept of Khassah helps bridge the understanding of historical events with contemporary issues, making Islamic jurisprudence adaptable through different eras.
Quotations
“The knowledge of the ‘specific’ (Khassah) is essential in the art of Tafsir, for it unveils the nuances within divine revelation.” - Al-Ghazali
References and Suggested Literature
- “al-Risala” by Imam Shafi’i: A foundational text on Islamic jurisprudence.
- “The Qur’an and its Interpreters” Volumes by Mahmoud Ayoub: Offers comprehensive insight into Tafsir.
- “Qur’anic Verses - Context and Application” by Mufti Muhammad Shafi: Provides in-depth analysis.
“Through understanding the specificity of Khassah, one appreciates how the divine message remains relevant to the ever-changing human context.”
— Ibrahim Al-Khalil, October 2023
