Introduction
In Islamic teachings, the drawing of lots is addressed with notably different connotations depending on the context and intent. The two primary terms are maisir (ميسر), often associated with gambling and deemed impermissible, and qurʿah (قرعة), which pertains to the fair distribution of property. Here, we delve into their meanings and explore their respective places within Islamic theology and law.
Definitions and Etymology
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Maisir (ميسر): This term denotes games of chance and gambling, which is broadly discussed and condemned in the Qurʾān. The root of the word is derived from “yasira,” which connotes ease and comfort, ironically pointing out the seemingly easy gains one might assume from gambling.
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Qurʿah (قرعة): This refers to the practice of unbiased selection, such as the division of property or determination of certain duties among individuals. The term hails from the root “qar’a,” meaning to strike or tear, indicating the act of drawing lots to arrive at a fair decision.
Qurʾānic Prohibition and Support
Maisir in the Qurʾān
Maisir is addressed in several surahs, prominently cautioning and prohibiting Muslims from engaging in such practices:
- Surah Al-Baqarah (2:216): “Gambling and intoxicants, their sin is greater than their benefit.”
- Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:90-91): “O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling… are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may prosper.”
Qurʿah in Practice
Qurʿah, primarily irreproachable and constructive, is substantiated in various practices within Islamic jurisprudence:
- Hadith (Hidāyah, vol. IV, p. 17): Highlight the use of qurʿah in the equitable division of familial inheritance or communal land.
Cultural Contexts and Differences
Culturally, the acceptance and practice of maisir and qurʿah manifest distinctively across Islamic societies. The former has culturally and religiously adverse remarks due to its association with considerable socioeconomic vices. In contrast, qurʿah elucidates a deeply woven sense of fairness and justice within Muslim communities:
- Maisir: Often viewed negatively universally within Islamic contexts, implying ethical and moral implications.
- Qurʿah: A pragmatic tool encouraged for preserving fairness and justice within communal and familial units.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms for Maisir: Gambling, betting, wagering.
- Antonyms for Maisir: Fair trade, honest labor.
- Synonyms for Qurʿah: Lottery, drawing, casting lots.
- Antonyms for Qurʿah: Unfair division, inequity.
Related Terms with Definitions
- Al-Khamr (الخمر): Intoxicants, often discussed alongside maisir in terms of prohibitive measures.
- Taqsim (تقسيم): Division, the act of distributing something among individuals.
- Fai (فىء): Division of land or goods gained without a fight.
Exciting Facts and Quotations
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Fact: The practice of qurʿah existed even during the time of Prophet Muhammad, ensuring fair distribution and decision-making within the early Muslim community.
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Quotation:
- “The forbiddenness of maisir saved numerous souls from the clutches of degradation and exploitation” - Imam Al-Shafi’i.
References and Further Reading
- The Glorious Qurʾān – Surah Al-Baqarah and Surah Al-Ma’idah
- Hidāyah – Classical Islamic Jurisprudence Vol IV
- Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah: Perspectives on Social Dynamics and Civilization
- Islamic Ethics: Objectivism and Specialty by Abul A’la Maududi
Quizzes
We hope this discussion inspires a fair and ethical approach in our daily lives parallel to the principles emphasized in the Qur’an and Hadith.
With reflection, Yusuf Ibn Harun
October 4th, 2023
