⚖ MODERATION in Islam: Understanding Iqtiṣād (اقتصاد)
Moderation, or Iqtisād (Arabic: اقتصاد), holds a central place in Islamic teachings. Often translated as “economy” or “moderation,” this concept encourages balance and sustainability in all aspects of life, from religious practices to daily living. According to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), moderation is seen as far better than excessive piety. This principle applies to various domains, including worship, social relationships, and even economic transactions.
Etymology and Background
The term “iqtiṣād” derives from the root “q-s-d,” which means “to intend” or “to make one’s way toward something.” Over time, it has come to signify balance and moderation, showing how one should intend to live a life of equilibrium. The focus on balance is highlighted in both the Qurʾān and the Hadith, emphasizing that Islam is a religion of the “middle path” (ummatan wasaṭan).
Cultural Differences and Similarities
While moderation is a universal principle found in various religious and philosophical traditions, its application can differ significantly:
- Christianity: Similar to Islam, moderation is emphasized in Christianity, especially in the teachings of Jesus. However, some Christian traditions, particularly monasticism, emphasize asceticism.
- Buddhism: Moderation is a core principle in Buddhism, encapsulated by the “Middle Way,” which avoids extremes in ascetic practices and indulgence.
- Judaism: The principle of moderation can be seen in various Jewish teachings, including those of Maimonides, who advocated for a balanced path.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Balance, Equilibrium, Temperance, Mediocrity (in a positive sense)
- Antonyms: Excess, Extremism, Immoderation, Exaggeration
Related Terms
- Istiqāmah (استقامة): Represents uprightness and constant consistency.
- Taqwā (تقوى): Often translated as “piety” or “God-consciousness,” where moderation serves as a key element.
- Tafwīḍ (تفويض): Entrusting one’s affairs to God, which includes being moderate in efforts and expectations.
Exciting Facts
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Muhammad’s Hadith: Numerous sayings of Prophet Muhammad emphasize moderation. For example, “The best act in God’s sight is that which is constantly attended to, although in a small degree” teaches us about the long-term value of consistent moderate efforts.
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Qurʾānic Endorsement: The centrality of moderation is underscored in the Qur’ān (2:197) which states, “and commit no excess.”
Quotations from Notable Writers
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Al-Ghazālī: The great Islamic scholar emphasized the importance of moderation in his writings: “He who is moderate in his religious practices safeguards his faith; yet extremism in religious behavior leads to detestation and alienation.”
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Rūmī: The Sufi poet Rūmī famously said, “Be like the sun for grace and mercy. Be like the night to cover others’ faults. Be like running water for generosity. Be like death for rage and anger. Be like the Earth for modesty. Appear as you are. Be as you appear.”
Suggested Literature and Sources
- “Al-Ghazālī on Disciplining the Soul and on Breaking the Two Desires” - By Abu Hamid Al-Ghazālī
- “The Path of Muhammad: A Book on Islamic Morals & Ethics” - By Imam Birgivi
- “Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences)” - By Al-Ghazālī
- “Mathnawi” - By Rumi
Embracing moderation allows us to achieve true balance and fulfillment in life. Stay grounded, stay balanced, and cultivate a life that brings peace and harmony.
Layla Hussain
Published on [Today’s Date]
