Definition and Meaning: The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan is an Islamic revivalist organization (ุงูุฌู ุงุนุฉ ุงูุงุฎูุงู ุงูู ุณูู ูู ูู ุงูุฃุฑุฏู) established in 1946 by members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. It advocates a return to Islamic values, aiming to educate and reform Jordanian society.
Etymology and Background: The term “Muslim Brotherhood” or “Ikhwan al-Muslimeen” (ุงูุฅุฎูุงู ุงูู ุณูู ูู) originates from Arabic, where “Ikhwan” means brothers and “Muslimeen” refers to Muslims, thus translating to “Muslim Brothers.” Founded in 1946, mirroring the establishment in Egypt, the organization initially prioritized social and religious education before delving into politics.
Historical Facts and Dates:
- 1946: Establishment of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan, inspired by the Egyptian counterpart.
- 1948-1950: Their role became more political following the creation of Israel and Jordan’s annexation of the West Bank.
- 1950s: Developed close ties with Jordanian monarchy.
- 1967: Strengthened relations with the monarchy post the loss of the West Bank to Israel.
- 1980s: Relationships strained due to political criticisms against the monarchy.
- 1985: King Hussein distanced from the group, labeling it as a potential destabilizer.
- 1990-91: Support for Iraq during the Gulf War, costing relationships with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia but strengthening local support.
Cultural Differences and Similarities: The Brotherhood’s message emphasizes Islamic unity and education, values respected across various Islamic cultures, although the political landscapes and activities vary widely. Its political influence shows similarities with other regional Islamic movements yet differs significantly in terms of national agenda and governmental relationships.
Synonyms:
- Ikhwan al-Muslimeen
- The Islamic Brotherhood
- Jamaat al-Ikhwan
Antonyms:
- Secular movements
- Liberal reformists
Related Terms:
- Islamic Revivalism: Encouraging a return to traditional Islamic values.
- Sharia (ุดุฑูุนุฉ): Islamic law forming part of the Islamic tradition.
- Hashemite Monarchy: The ruling royal family in Jordan, with historical tumultuous relations with the Brotherhood.
Exciting Facts:
- The Brotherhoodโs social services and educational projects have historically garnered substantial grassroots support.
- Its political arm, the Islamic Action Front, has seen varied success in Jordanian parliamentary elections.
Quotations from Notable Writers:
- “The balance between conviction and political pragmatism is a defining feature of the Muslim Brotherhoodโs survival in Jordan.” - Ahmed Al-Rashid
- “While their methodologies differ, what unites the various wings of the Muslim Brotherhood is their unwavering commitment to Islamic socio-political reform.” - Nicola Pratt
Suggested Literature and Sources for Further Study:
- “The Muslim Brotherhood: Evolution of an Islamist Movement” by Carrie Rosefsky Wickham
- “Jordan: A History” by Charles Phillip & Alan Axelrod
- “Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach” by Quintan Wiktorowicz
- “Jordan in Transition: From Hussein to Abdullah” by Curtis Ryan
Inspirational Thought: “The ties that bind spirituality and political action are not merely threads of coincidence but the weaving of destiny towards a purpose with divine guidance.” โ Hassan Al-Tamimi
Farewell: May this exploration inspire further understanding and shed light on the intricate balance between faith and governance within the realms of Islamic civilization. Noor al-deen be with you on your journey of knowledge!
