Discover the historical significance of the Mosque of the Two Qiblahs in Medina, where Prophet Muhammad first received revelation to change the prayer direction from Jerusalem to Mecca. Understand its rich background and foundational legacy in the early Islamic era.

1--- 2title: "🗝️ Mahmud Taleqani: Iran’s Voice of Social Justice and Revolution" 3description: "Dive into the life and contributions of Mahmud Taleqani, an influential Iranian cleric who played a pivotal role in the Islamic revolution. Learn about his ideals, activism, and substantial impact on modern Iran's history." 4date: 2023-10-08 5author: "Nadia Nazari" 6tags: 7 - Mahmud Taleqani 8 - Iranian Revolution 9 - Cleric 10 - Social Justice 11 - Liberation Movement of Iran 12categories: 13 - Biography 14 - Islamic Studies 15 - Middle Eastern History 16keywords: 17 - Mahmud Taleqani 18 - Iranian Revolution 19 - Social Justice 20 - Cleric Activism 21 - Liberation Movement of Iran 22--- 23 24## Taleqani, Mahmud: Definition and Meaning 25 26### Comprehensive Definition 27Mahmud Taleqani (1911 - 1979) was a seminal Iranian cleric and political activist. Known for his advocacy of social justice as a religious calling, he played a crucial ideological role in the Islamic revolution of Iran. Alongside Mehdi Bazargan, he established the Liberation Movement of Iran in 1961, presenting an alternative to traditional religion, Communism, and political repression. Taleqani's prominence soared when he was elected to the Assembly of Experts in 1979, garnering the highest number of votes, although he passed away before the final constitution was ratified. 28 29### Etymology and Background 30Mahmud Taleqani’s name represents his birth in Taleqan, a city in Alborz Province, Iran. "Taleqani" denotes someone hailing from this region. His birth name, Mahmud, is a common Muslim name meaning "praised" in Arabic. 31 32### Historical Facts and Dates 33- **1911**: Taleqani was born in the city of Taleqan, Iran. 34- **1961**: Co-founded the Liberation Movement of Iran with Mehdi Bazargan. 35- **1979**: Played a significant role in the Iranian Islamic Revolution; elected to the Assembly of Experts with resounding support. 36- **1979**: Passed away before the final constitution was enacted. 37 38### Cultural Differences and Similarities 39Taleqani’s views bridged distinct ideological worlds. Advocating for social justice within the frameworks of Islam, he found relevance across various cultural and ideological segments: 40- Collaborated across secular and religious divides. 41- His ideas on social justice resonated not just within Iran but also in broader Islamic contexts. 42 43### Synonyms and Related Terms 44- **Iranian Revolution**: The political upheaval leading to the establishment of Iran as an Islamic Republic. 45- **Shura**: An Islamic concept of consultative decision-making. 46 47### Exciting Facts 48- Taleqani’s sermons and speeches often drew large public crowds, underscoring his popularity and influence. 49- Even after his death, his thoughts on justice and governance continue to inspire political activists in Iran. 50 51### Quotations from Notable Writers 52**Omid Safi** noted, “Taleqani’s synthesis of social justice with Islamic ideals charted a unique course during Iran's revolution.” 53 54### Suggested Literature and Sources for Further Studies 551. **"Muslim Reformers in Iran: The Future of Iran and the Legacy of the Islamic Revolution"** by Ali Gheissari and Vali Nasr. 562. **"Modern Iran"** by Nikki R. Keddie. 573. **"Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati"** by Ali Rahnema—covering contemporaneous figures in Iran's intellectual and political movements. 584. **Articles in "The Middle East Journal"** covering the Iranian Revolution and key figures like Tantaleee. 59 60### Inspirational Farewell 61May the study of individuals like Taleqani illuminate pathways to justice, unity, and understanding, creating a bridge between faith and fair governance in our contemporary world. ✨🌟 62 63 ### Who was Mahmud Taleqani? - [x] An influential Iranian cleric and political activist. - [ ] A medieval Persian poet. - [ ] An Ottoman military leader. - [ ] The founder of modern Turkey. > **Explanation:** Mahmud Taleqani was a key cleric and political activist in Iran known for his role in the Islamic revolution and advocacy for social justice within Islamic doctrines. ### Which movement did Mahmud Taleqani help to establish in Iran? - [ ] The Green Movement - [ ] The National Front - [x] The Liberation Movement of Iran - [ ] The Tudeh Party > **Explanation:** Together with Mehdi Bazargan, Taleqani founded the Liberation Movement of Iran in 1961, presenting an ideological blend of Islam and modern political thought. ### What was central to Taleqani's advocacy? - [ ] Economic policies - [x] Social justice as a religious vocation - [ ] Military expansion - [ ] Artistic expression > **Explanation:** Taleqani emphasized social justice as an intrinsic part of religious practice, seeking to align governance with moral and ethical frameworks found in Islamic teachings. ### Taleqani was elected to the Assembly of Experts with what distinction? - [ ] The second-highest number of votes. - [ ] The highest number of abstentions. - [x] The highest number of votes. - [ ] The least number of votes. > **Explanation:** In 1979, Taleqani won a seat in the Assembly of Experts with the highest number of votes, indicating his massive popularity and influence. ### What year did Mahmud Taleqani pass away? - [ ] 1961 - [ ] 1975 - [ ] 1980 - [x] 1979 > **Explanation:** Taleqani passed away in 1979, the same year as the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran and his election to the Assembly of Experts. ### Where was Mahmud Taleqani born? - [ ] Tehran - [ ] Shiraz - [x] Taleqan - [ ] Qom > **Explanation:** Mahmud Taleqani was born in the city of Taleqan, which is now part of Alborz Province in Iran. ### Name a contemporary of Mahmud Taleqani linked to the revolutionary ideology in Iran. - [x] Mehdi Bazargan - [ ] Reza Shah - [ ] Mohammad Reza Pahlavi - [ ] Mirza Ghulam Ahmad > **Explanation:** Mehdi Bazargan was not only a contemporary but also a collaborator in founding the Liberation Movement of Iran along with Taleqani. ### How did Taleqani’s ideas differ from traditional religious thought in Iran? - [ ] He opposed any form of religious governance. - [x] He integrated social justice issues into religious practice. - [ ] He advocated for a monarchy. - [ ] He shunned all forms of modern political thought. > **Explanation:** Unlike traditional religious thinkers, Taleqani strongly incorporated social justice issues into his religious practice, intertwining faith with ethical governance.

Rajavi, Masud 📚✨ - A Revolutionary Force in Iran’s Tumultuous History Rajavi, Masud (b. 1947) is a significant figure in Iranian history, particularly known for his leadership of the Mujahidin-e Khalq (MEK) organization. This group gained prominence during and after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and exhibited a complex and controversial trajectory in its pursuit of political influence. Origin and Etymology Name: Rajavi is a Persian surname, likely reflecting the linguistic and cultural roots of its bearer. Meaning in Persian: “Masud” means “fortunate” or “lucky” in Persian, reflecting a common naming practice rooted in bestowing positive attributes. Historical Background and Facts Early Life: Born in 1947, Masud Rajavi joined the political scene during a volatile period in Iran, posing significant opposition to the monarchy and later the Islamic Republic. Political Engagement: Rajavi’s involvement with the National Democratic Front eventually led to his leadership of the MEK. This group initially sought to overthrow the Pahlavi regime (1941-1979), which ruled Iran prior to the 1979 revolution. Post-Revolution Activities: Following the Iranian Revolution, MEK quickly became disenchanted with the Islamic Republic’s trajectory. By the 1980s, the group employed revolutionary tactics, including terror activities such as bombings and assassinations. Exile in Iraq: As the state’s crackdown on dissent intensified, Rajavi and the MEK relocated to Iraq in 1986. They opposed the Iranian regime from abroad, at times receiving support from Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War. Political Goals: Despite the group’s violent methods, its stated aim has always been to replace the current regime with a democratic Islamic republic, envisioning a government that diverges significantly from the clerical rule established post-1979. Cultural Context and Impact Iranian Perspective: In Iran, MEK and its leadership are often seen with suspicion and animosity, viewed as collaborators with foreign powers, particularly during the Iran-Iraq War. Different Perspectives: International views are divided, with some seeing the MEK as freedom fighters against autocratic rule, while others classify them as a terrorist organization due to their violent tactics. Related Terms Mujahidin-e Khalq (MEK): A militant political organization advocating for the overthrow of the Iranian regime. Pahlavi Regime: The Iranian ruling dynasty overthrown in 1979. Quotation “The path to freedom is filled with blood and fire, but it’s the vision of a free society that keeps our resolve unyielding.” — (Attributed to Masud Rajavi)

Certainly! Below is a comprehensive term description for “Mathematics” following your requirements: title: “🔢 Mathematics in the Islamic World: Bridging Cultures and Centuries” description: “Unveil the profound contributions to mathematics by Islamic scholars, drawing from ancient Greek and Indian sources, leading to innovations such as the decimal system, Arabic numerals, and the concept of zero.” date: 2023-10-05 author: “Ibrahim Al-Zaraghi” tags: Islam Mathematics Algebra Astronomy Science History categories: Education History Science keywords: Mathematics Islamic Scholars Arabic Numerals Decimal System Zero Algebra Islamic Golden Age Mathematics in the Islamic World: Bridging Cultures and Centuries 🔢📚 Definition and Meaning Mathematics (Arabic: علم الحساب, ‘ilm al-hisab’) is a field of study concerning the principles of numbers, quantities, shapes, and their relationships using symbolic representation and logical reasoning.

Here’s your requested lexicon entry for the term “Mihrab”: title: “🕌 Understanding Mihrab: The Solemn Niche of Islamic Prayer” description: “Explore Mihrab, the arched niche in mosques indicating the Qiblah, the direction of Mecca for Muslims to face during prayers. Its significance, cultural contexts, and architectural styles are highlighted.” date: 2023-10-03 author: “Rehmat Al-Bukhari” tags: Islam Mihrab Qiblah Mosque Architecture Islamic Prayer categories: Religion Islamic Studies Architecture keywords: Mihrab Prayer Niche Qiblah Mecca Mosque Direction Islamic Art Mihrab: The Solemn Niche Guiding Prayer Definition and Meaning Mihrab (Arabic: محراب‎) is an ornamental arched niche set into the wall of a mosque meant to indicate the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This direction is referred to as the Qiblah, and Muslims face the Mihrab during their prayers to ensure they are aligned spiritually with Mecca.

1--- 2title: "🌍 Understanding the Moro Islamic Liberation Front: The Struggle for Autonomy in the Philippines" 3description: "Investigate the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), its origins, key events, and importance in the quest for Moro autonomy in the Philippines. Learn about its historical background, cultural significance, and prominent figures." 4date: 2023-10-15 5author: "Ibrahim Nuñez" 6tags: 7 - Islam 8 - MILF 9 - Moro National Liberation Front 10 - Autonomy 11 - Philippines 12 - Liberation Movements 13 - Political History 14categories: 15 - History 16 - Islamic Studies 17 - Political Science 18keywords: 19 - Moro Islamic Liberation Front 20 - MILF 21 - Moro National Liberation Front 22 - Philippine Autonomy 23 - Southeast Asian Politics 24 - Hashim Salamat 25--- 26 27## Moro Islamic Liberation Front: Definition and Meaning 28 29### Definition 30The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is an insurgent group primarily composed of Moro Muslims in the Philippines. It was established in 1984 by Hashim Salamat following a split from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). The primary mission of the MILF is to achieve an independent Islamic state for the Moro people in Mindanao, although in recent years, the pursuit has shifted toward obtaining greater political autonomy within the framework of the existing state. 31 32### Etymology 33- **Moro:** Refers to the Muslim population in the Philippines, named during Spanish colonization linking them to the Moors (Muslims) of Spain. 34- **Islamic:** Pertains to the religion of Islam, followed by the MILF members. 35- **Liberation:** Denotes the group's struggle for freedom and independence. 36- **Front:** Represents the organized coalition of fighters and activists. 37 38### Background and Historical Facts 39The roots of the MILF can be traced back to the centuries-long struggle of the Moro people against foreign insults—from Spanish to American and then Philippine colonization. One of the turning points came in 1977 when persistent disagreements led Hashim Salamat to break away from the MNLF. Salamat officially announced the formation of the MILF in 1984 with a clearer Islamic focus. 40 41Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the MILF engaged in intermittent fighting with the Philippines Armed Forces, resulting in numerous ceasefires and peace negotiations. In 2014, a significant milestone was achieved with the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, which led to the establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in 2019. 42 43### Cultural Differences and Similarities 44The MILF represents a unique fusion of deep Islamic religiosity with modern nationalist and revolutionary notions. They stand in both distinction and coexistence with other Muslim-dominated societies globally: 45- **Differences:** Unlike most other Islamic movements which strive to establish national influence, MILF's regional concentration sets it apart. 46- **Similarities:** Shares common Islamic principles in governance and law with Islamic groups around the world. 47 48### Synonyms 49- MILF 50- Bangsamoro Islamic Movement 51 52### Antonyms 53- Philippine Government 54- Anti-secessionist forces 55 56### Related Terms with Definitions 571. **Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF):** The parent organization from which the MILF split. 582. **Bangsamoro:** Refers to the Moro Muslims, the ethno-religious group targeted by MILF's liberation efforts. 593. **Autonomy:** The goal pursued by MILF for self-governance within the Philippines. 60 61### Exciting Facts 62- MILF’s ultimate goal evolved from seeking a completely independent state to achieving meaningful autonomy. 63- MILF runs a shadow governance structure that rivals formal state bureaucracies in efficiency. 64 65### Quotations from Notable Writers 66> "The struggle of the Moro people is emblematic of the broader quest for dignity and self-determination faced by marginalized populations globally." - Victoria Bacani, Philippine political scholar 67 68### References for Further Studies 69- **Primary Sources:** 70 - Salamat Hashim, "The Bangsamoro Mujahid: His Objectives and Responsibilities" 71 - Various Peace Agreements between MILF and Philippine Government. 72 73- **Secondary Sources:** 74 - Abinales, Patricio N., “State and Society in the Philippines” 75 - Ali, Julkipli M., “Muslim Resistance Movements in the Philippines” 76 77### Inspirational Thought 78In reflecting upon their decades of struggle, the MILF embodies resilience and hope, reminding us that the yearning for rightful dignity transcends boundaries and hardships. 79 80Until next time, seek knowledge and pursue justice. 81 82- Ibrahim Nuñez 83 84--- 85 86 ### Who founded the Moro Islamic Liberation Front? - [x] Hashim Salamat - [ ] Nur Misuari - [ ] Rodrigo Duterte - [ ] Benigno Aquino III > **Explanation:** Hashim Salamat founded the MILF after splitting from the MNLF in 1984 due to internal disagreements. ### What was the primary goal of MILF's formation initially? - [x] Establishing an independent Islamic state for the Moro people - [ ] Creating economic reforms - [ ] Integrating with the Philippine armed forces - [ ] Establishing a federal government system > **Explanation:** MILF sought to establish an independent Islamic state for the Moro Muslims in Mindanao. ### In which year was the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro signed? - [x] 2014 - [ ] 2012 - [ ] 2010 - [ ] 2016 > **Explanation:** The agreement was signed in 2014 to promote peace and establish autonomous governance in the Bangsamoro region. ### The etymology of “MILF” includes "Islamic." What does this refer to? - [x] The religion Islam that the group's members follow - [ ] A geographical indication - [ ] A type of governance - [ ] Economic activities > **Explanation:** "Islamic" denotes the religion of Islam followed by the group's members. ### Which law effectively created the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)? - [x] Bangsamoro Organic Law - [ ] Regional Autonomy Act - [ ] The Philippine Independence Act - [ ] Mindanao Reformation Act > **Explanation:** The Bangsamoro Organic Law, passed and ratified in 2019, created the BARMM. ### Which colonial legacy has significantly impacted the struggle of the Moro people? - [x] Spanish and American colonization - [ ] British colonization - [ ] French colonization - [ ] Portuguese colonization > **Explanation:** The Moro struggle reflects resistance against Spanish and later American colonization attempts. ### What is the significance of the year 1984 in the history of MILF? - [x] Formal establishment of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front - [ ] Signing of the first peace agreement - [ ] Declaring independence - [ ] Founding of the MNLF > **Explanation:** 1984 was the year the MILF was officially established by Hashim Salamat. ### What transformation has MILF undergone in its quest? - [x] From seeking independence to pressing for autonomy - [ ] From economic reforms to environmentalism - [ ] From separatist activities to cultural activities - [ ] From military action to disbandment > **Explanation:** MILF transitioned its goal from creating an independent state to seeking meaningful autonomy within the Philippines.

1--- 2title: "🖋️ Unveiling Ibn Ishaq: The Premier Biographer of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)" 3description: "Delve into the life and works of Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar ibn Khiyar, an eminent 8th-century historian whose biography of Prophet Muhammad set a historical milestone. Explore its cultural significance and subsequent adaptations." 4date: 2023-10-04 5author: "Fatima El-Ghazali" 6tags: 7 - Ibn Ishaq 8 - Biography 9 - Prophet Muhammad 10 - Islamic History 11 - Abbasid Revolution 12 - Universal History 13categories: 14 - Scholars 15 - Biographies 16 - Islamic Studies 17 - History 18keywords: 19 - Ibn Ishaq 20 - Islamic Biography 21 - Sīra Literature 22 - Prophet Muhammad 23 - Abbasid 24 - Islamic Historiography 25--- Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar ibn Khiyar: The Premier Biographer of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) 📜 Definition and Meaning Ibn Ishaq (محمد ابن إسحاق ابن يسار ابن خيار in Arabic), also known as Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar ibn Khiyar (c. 704 – 767 CE), was one of the earliest and most respected Islamic historians and biographers. He is best known for his work the “Sīrat Rasūl Allāh” (Life of the Messenger of Allah), which is one of the most salient biographies of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).

1--- 2title: "📜 Ilyas, Muhammad: Legacy of the Tablighi Jamaat's Founder" 3description: "Examine the life and contributions of Muhammad Ilyas, the pioneering founder of the Tablighi Jamaat. Understand his influence on Islamic renewal movements, his methodologies, and cultural impacts across the Muslim world." 4date: 2023-10-03 5author: "Tariq bin Khaldun" 6tags: 7 - Sufism 8 - Deobandi Islam 9 - Tablighi Jamaat 10 - Islamic Renewal 11 - South Asian Islam 12 - Religious Movements 13categories: 14 - Religion 15 - Islamic Studies 16 - History 17 - Sufism 18keywords: 19 - Muhammad Ilyas 20 - Tablighi Jamaat 21 - Islamic Education 22 - South Asian Islam 23 - Deobandi Scholar 24 - Grassroots Movements 25--- Ilyas, Muhammad: Legacy of the Tablighi Jamaat’s Founder 🌟 Definition and Meaning Ilyas, Muhammad refers to a notable Sufi scholar and Deobandi alim, who lived from 1885 to 1944. Muhammad Ilyas is most famously known as the founder of the Tablighi Jamaat, an Islamic revivalist movement initiated in India in 1927. He firmly believed in the need for a grassroots Islamic religious movement to counteract Hindu proselytization efforts, eliminate Hindu influences from Islam, and properly educate Muslims about their beliefs and rituals.

And now, presenting a comprehensive look at Musaylima ibn Habib: title: “📜 Musaylima ibn Habib: The False Prophet and His Controversy in Early Islam 🕌” description: “Explore the life, claims, and eventual downfall of Musaylima ibn Habib, a self-proclaimed prophet and opponent of Muhammad, often referred to as ’the Liar’ in early Islamic history.” date: 2023-10-03 author: “Hakim Al-Rashid” tags: Islam Musaylima ibn Habib Prophethood Early Islamic History Khalid ibn al-Walid Sajah categories: Religion Islamic Studies History keywords: Musaylima ibn Habib False Prophet Islam Early Islamic History Khalid ibn al-Walid Apostasy Wars Introduction Musaylima ibn Habib was a notable figure in early Islamic history, mainly remembered for his self-proclamation as a prophet during the seventh century. He emerged as a significant contemporary and opponent of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, challenging his status and resulting in a military conflict posthumously.