Definition and Meaning
Nahdatul Ulama
Definition: Nahdatul Ulama (NU) is one of Indonesia’s largest Islamic traditionalist grassroots organizations, primarily composed of a network of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). Founded in 1926, it is focused on enhancing community welfare and fostering a deep understanding of traditional Sunni Islamic teachings.
Etymology and Background
Etymology: The name “Nahdatul Ulama” translates to “Awakening of the Ulama” from Arabic (نَهْضَةُ العُلَمَاء) emphasizing revitalization and reform led by the learned scholars of Islam.
Background and Historical Context
Established: January 31, 1926, in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
Founders: Kiai Haji Hasyim Asy’ari along with other ulama.
Historical Facts:
- Independence Movement: Nahdatul Ulama was deeply involved in Indonesia’s nationalist struggle against colonialism.
- Reformative Objective: It arose as a response to the need for a unifying platform for traditionalist Muslims vis-à-vis modernist movements.
Headed by Abdurrahman Wahid (1984-1999)
Abdurrahman Wahid, also known as Gus Dur, was a prominent leader who eventually became Indonesia’s first democratically elected president. His leadership epitomized the blend of tradition and modern governance.
Cultural Impact and Synonyms
Cultural Similarities & Differences:
- Similarities: Across various Muslim societies, traditionalist organizations share a common goal of preserving Sunni orthodoxy while adapting to modern challenges.
- Differences: The unique integration of local culture into religious practices in Indonesian pesantrens distinguishes Nahdatul Ulama from other traditionalist movements globally.
Synonyms:
- NU (abbreviation)
- Islamic Traditionalist Movement in Indonesia
Antonyms:
- Modernist Islamic Movements
- Secular Social Organizations
Related Terms with Definitions
- Pesantren: Indonesian Islamic boarding schools where traditional religious education is imparted.
- Ulama: Scholars who are well-versed in Islamic law and theology.
- Sunni Islam: The largest branch of Islam, adhering to the teachings of Prophet Muhammad and recognizing the first four caliphs as rightful successors.
Exciting Facts and Quotations
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Interaction with State: NU, while deeply rooted in religious teachings, has played roles in civic engagement and political dynamics in Indonesia.
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Women Participation: NU espouses significant involvement of women through its women’s wing, Fatayat NU.
Quotations:
- “Nahdatul Ulama is a living embodiment of harmonious balance between faith and reason.” — Abdurrahman Wahid.
- “In Nahdatul Ulama, spirituality and societal progress walk hand in hand.” — Hasyim Asy’ari.
Suggested Literature and Further Studies
Books:
- “The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Development of Nahdlatul Ulama 1984-1994” by Greg Fealy
- “Traditional Islamic Education in Indonesia: Tradition and Change in Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren)” by Ronald A. Lukens-Bull
Articles and Papers:
- Fealy, Greg. “Islamic Modernity and Democracy in Indonesia: The Non-Systematic Exchange Between Political Actors and Civil Society.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
- Bush, Robin. “Islam and Civil Society in Indonesia: The Case of Nahdatul Ulama.”
Quizzes
Seek tradition where it’s alive; solutions to modern problems often lie in the wisdom of the past perfected by harmonious learning. — Mustafa Al-Hakim, 2023
