📖 Definition and Background
Nikāḥ (Arabic: نكاح) is an Islamic term for the marriage contract. It is derived from the Arabic root word nakaha (نكح), which means “to unite or to bind.” In Islamic jurisprudence, it encompasses not just the legal binding of a couple but also the moral and spiritual bond sanctioned by God. The concept is embedded deeply in Islamic law (Sharia) and aims at safeguarding the welfare and rights of both spouses.
🏛️ Etymology
Nikāḥ traces its origins from pre-Islamic Arabia, evolving through centuries into a significant sociocultural institution under Islamic teachings. The term in its primitive sense meant a union but gradually absorbed sanctified and profound meanings as part of the Quranic language.
🌍 Cultural Significance and Differences
Similarities:
- Christian Matrimony: Like the Christian practice of marriage, Nikāḥ signifies a union ordained by God. Both involve vows and commitments but are structured around their respective religious doctrines.
- Jewish Ketubah: Similar to the Islamic Nikāḥ, the Ketubah in Jewish marriages signifies a written contractual obligation defining the rights and responsibilities of the groom towards the bride.
Differences:
- Polygamy: In Islamic tradition, a man may have multiple wives (up to four), a practice not permitted in Christianity or modern-day Judaism.
- Dowry (Mahr): A unique component of Nikāḥ, the Mahr is a mandatory gift or payment given to the bride by the groom, laid down by Islamic law.
🔄 Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Matrimony, Wedlock, Marriage
- Antonyms: Divorce (Talaq), Separation, Annulment
🔗 Related Terms
- Mahr (مَهر): A compulsory financial endowment provided by the groom to the bride at the time of marriage.
- Wali (وَلي): The guardian (often a male relative) responsible for consenting to a woman’s marriage in Nikāḥ.
- Khulʿ (خلع): The process by which a wife can seek a divorce by returning the Mahr or a mutual agreement.
🌟 Exciting Facts
- Age of Nikāḥ: The minimum legal age for Nikāḥ varies across Islamic countries but is generally set to avoid child marriages.
- Quranic Endorsement: Nikāḥ is directly encouraged in the Quran (4:1, 24:32), emphasizing its sanctity and reminding believers of God’s creation of a companion.
🗣️ Quotations from Notable Writers
- “Marriage in Islam is not only a physical and emotional drive but a spiritual solace complying with divine directives.” – Leila Ahmed
- “Nikāḥ transcends mere union; it establishes a symbiotic partnership on the tenets of faith and moral uprightness.” – Khaled Abou El Fadl
📚 References and Suggested Literature
- “The Family Structure in Islam” by Hammudah Abdalati
- “Women and Gender in Islam” by Leila Ahmed
- “No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam” by Reza Aslan
- “Islam: A Beginner’s Guide” by Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood
Suggested Articles and Websites
- Islamic Marriage Agreements: The Institute of Islamic Jurisprudence
- Marriage in the context of Sharia: The Center for Islamic Family Law
📝 Quizzes
Farewell Thought: May your understanding of Nikāḥ impart wisdom and compassion as you explore the universal themes of commitment and love within the sacred bonds of marriage. 🌺
Published by: Suhaila Mirza Date: 2023-10-25
