Definition and Meaning
Pancasila: An Indonesian ideological foundation composed of five key principles—belief in one God (Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa), a just and civilized humanity (Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab), the unity of Indonesia (Persatuan Indonesia), democracy guided by the consensus through deliberations among representatives (Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan), and social justice for the whole of the Indonesian people (Keadilan Sosial bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia).
Etymology
The term “Pancasila” is derived from two Old Javanese words.
- Panca: Meaning “five.”
- Sila: Meaning “principles” or “pillars.”
Background and Historical Facts
Formulation: Pancasila was eloquently articulated by Indonesia’s first President, Sukarno, on June 1, 1945, during a critical PPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) meeting.
Historical Context: The objective was to create a harmonious, inclusive national philosophy that would accommodate Indonesia’s diverse religious and cultural fabric, fostering unity and national identity post-independence from Dutch colonial rule.
Sukarno’s Vision: Sukarno imagined a unified Indonesia, where religious plurality was respected but national integrity and a common civic ideology were paramount.
Cultural Impact
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Religious Tensions: Pancasila aims to pacify religious tensions, advocating for religious tolerance and pluralism. It recognizes the co-existence of various religions and ensures freedom of religious practice.
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Controversy: However, some Muslim activists have criticized Pancasila, alleging it dilutes the prominence of Islam in Indonesia and facilitates religious conversions, notably to Christianity.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Indonesian Foundational Principles, Five Main Principles, National Compromise Ideology.
- Antonyms: Sectarian Principles, Unilateral Nationalism.
Related Terms
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika: Often translated as “Unity in Diversity,” this is the national motto of Indonesia that complements Pancasila by emphasizing the importance of diversity within unity.
Fascinating Facts
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International Influence: The formulation of Pancasila is inspired by global ideological developments like socialism, democracy, and indigenous socio-cultural conditions.
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Iconography: The Garuda Pancasila, the national emblem of Indonesia, integrates Pancasila symbols, with a representation of each principle on its feathers.
Quotations
“It is not enough if just you, Pancasila brothers and sisters, uphold Pancasila only with you. You must support it as your ideology, spread it to the Indonesian people!” – Sukarno.
Suggested Literature and References
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Books:
- “Pancasila: The National Ideology of Indonesia” by Dr. Sukarno
- “Pluralism and the Indonesian Philosophy: Pancasila and Busting Myths” by H.J.R. Widyadewi
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Articles:
- “The Role of Pancasila in Modern Indonesian Society” by Dr. Ahmad Yasir
- “Pancasila: Challenges and Controversies in 21st Century Indonesia” by Siti Zulaiha
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Other Sources:
- Indonesian National Archives
- U.S. Department of State’s Background Note on Indonesia
“Through understanding our roots, may we grow in wisdom and unity, forging a nation where diversity is strength and justice is paramount.”
- Fatima Al-Hasan, 2023-10-03
