Partai Muslimin Indonesia (Parmusi) - Partai Muslimin Indonesia (Parmusi) Indonesian Muslims Party. Indonesian political party formed in 1968 after the popular Islamic modernist party Masjumi was banned by the Sukarno government. Many Masjumi members joined Parmusi, but they were prohibited from taking leadership positions in the new party by the military-led government, which sought to limit the power of Muslim parties. Following a poor election showing in 1971, when it received only 5.36 percent of the vote, Parmusi joined with other Muslim parties to form the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP, Development Unity Party) in January 1973.
Etymology and Definitions
Etymology: The term “Parmusi” is an acronym derived from Partai Muslimin Indonesia, which translates to the “Indonesian Muslims Party.” The name reflects the party’s foundational purpose to represent the interests of Indonesian Muslims.
Definitions:
- Masjumi: Initially an acronym for Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia or Shura Council of Indonesian Muslims, it referred to a coalition of diverse Muslim organizations in the pre-Sukarno era.
- Parmusi: The reincarnated form of Masjumi post its disbandment, representing a resurgence of political advocacy from the Indonesian Muslim populace under the restrictions set by military and government constraints.
- Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP): Translated to the Development Unity Party, this was the coalition formed by the amalgamation of Parmusi with other Muslim parties, embodying a consolidated front for Islamic political interests in Indonesia.
Historical Background
Formation in 1968: Parmusi was established in 1968 as a reformation of the banned Masjumi party. Initially, it attracted a significant number of ex-Masjumi members, who sought to continue their political agenda despite governmental suppression. The party had to navigate the political undercurrents of the New Order regime, which had strong military influence seeking to deter strong Muslim political movements.
1971 General Elections: In the Indonesian legislative elections of 1971, Parmusi contested for parliamentary seats but could only manage to secure 5.36% of the popular vote. This disappointing performance was a testament to the growing suppression from the military-influenced government and the dilution of its original fervor and reach.
Merging into PPP in 1973: The merger in January 1973 marked the formal dissolution of Parmusi as it combined forces with several other Muslim political groups to form the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP). This unification was driven by the necessity to strengthen the political representation of Muslim communities amidst the changing dynamics of Indonesia’s political landscape.
Cultural and Political Context
Cultural Significance: Parmusi’s establishment represented a continued effort to integrate Islamic principles into Indonesia’s national policy. Though faced with many limitations, the party’s resilience mirrored the determination of the Muslim community to maintain a political voice.
Political Influence: Despite its short-lived existence as a standalone entity, Parmusi played a crucial role in setting the stage for PPP’s foundation. It understood the practicalities of navigating a heavily regulated political environment, which later shaped the strategies employed by the PPP.
Synonyms, Antonyms, Related Terms
- Synonyms: Masjumi (in spirit and foundational ideology), PPP (post-merger identity).
- Antonyms: Secular Parties, Government-Supported Initiatives.
- Related Terms: Islamic Modernism, New Order Regime, Political Repression, Merger of Political Parties.
Exciting Facts
- Women’s Role: Parmusi was unique in promoting women’s participation in politics and leadership within an Islamic framework, despite the prevalent restrictions.
- Sacred Jie: Created a Theological Work in ‘72 outlining the influence of faith in governance.
Quotations
“The endurance of Parmusi represents not just a faction in the political setting but the undying spirit of faith interwoven with resistance.” - Rahman Setiawan
Suggested Literature and Further Studies
- “Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosuwiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia” by Chiara Formichi
- “The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia” by Herbert Feith
- “Modernization in the Muslim World” by Charles Kurzman
- “Indonesia: The Rise of Capital” by Richard Robison
Farewell Thought
May the history and sacrifice of Parmusi remind us that faith and determination can foster resilience even in the face of adversity. Study well, question deeply, and keep the spirit of history alive.
Rahman Setiawan
2023-10-03
“May the history and sacrifice of Parmusi remind us that faith and determination can foster resilience even in the face of adversity. Study well, question deeply, and keep the spirit of history alive.”
