Polytheists - Definition and Meaning
Polytheists (Arabic: مُشْرِكُون - mushrikun) are individuals or societies that ascribe divinity to objects or beings other than, or alongside, the one and only God (Allah). In Islam, Muhammad’s prophetic mission aimed to eradicate such polytheistic beliefs and align the Arab society towards monotheism (Tawhid). The foundational reference to polytheism in the Quran includes verses that denounce associating partners with Allah (Quran 6:137; 29:41; 43:15,16).
Etymology
The term mushrikun derives from the Arabic root ش-ر-ك (sh-r-k), meaning “to share” or “to associate,” indicating the association of other deities or entities with Allah.
Background and Historical Facts
Polytheism was widespread among pre-Islamic Arab societies where numerous deities were worshipped alongside Allah. Muhammad’s mission in the early 7th century CE was pivotal in shifting these beliefs. Over time, the propagation of monotheism took hold, deeply embedding the principle of Tawhid (the oneness of God) within Islamic practice and doctrine.
Islam underscores the belief that Jews and Christians, although classified as “People of the Book,” are guilty of shirk (polytheism) due to the Jewish concepts of divine favoritism and the Christian doctrines of the Trinity and the Incarnation of Christ (Quran 2:94-95; 5:18; 62:6; 98).
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Islamic perspective on polytheism contrasts with other world religions:
- Christianity & Polytheism: Christianity, while monotheistic, is viewed within Islam as crossing into polytheistic territory through the doctrine of the Trinity.
- Polytheism in Hinduism: Hinduism’s pantheon of gods epitomizes polytheism, which is diametrically opposed to Islamic monotheism.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Idolater, Pagan, Multi-theist
- Antonyms: Monotheist, Muwaḥidd (monotheist in Islam)
Related Terms and Definitions
- Tawhid: The oneness and uniqueness of Allah.
- Shirk: The sin of practicing polytheism or idolatry.
- Idolatry: Worship of idols or physical representations.
Exciting Facts
- The term mushrikun not only has theological implications but also social and political ones in Islamic history.
- In Islamic eschatology, mushrikun face severe repercussions in the afterlife for associating partners with Allah.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger, and establish prayer, and pay Zakat.” - [Sahih Bukhari, Book 2, Hadith 25]
Suggested Literature for Further Studies
- “Tawhid and Shirk in Quran and Sunnah” by Yasir Qadhi
- “The Concept of God in Islam: A Brief Study” by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips
- “Islam: Faith and History” by Mahmoud M. Ayoub
- “Islamic Theology and Philosophy” by W. Montgomery Watt
Inspirational Thought: “Indeed, all praises belong to Allah, who guides whom He wills. Reflect deeply upon the oneness of your Creator, for in understanding Tawhid, the heart finds its true home.”
Rahim Al-Karim, November 10, 2023
Farewell: “As you tread the path of knowledge, may your understanding of Tawhid illuminate your journey. Embrace this wisdom and share it with compassion and sincerity.”
