Comprehensive Definition
Kibr (كبر) refers to pride or arrogance, an attitude that leads to despising and rejecting truth and looking down on others. According to Islamic teachings, Kibr is regarded as a major sin as it is a trait that primarily distances one from submission to God (Allah).
Etymology
The Arabic word Kibr (كبر) is derived from the root kabura (ك ب ر), which means “to be great” or “to be large.” It’s often associated with notions of grandeur, not necessarily in a positive sense, as it implies an inflated sense of the self at the expense of humility.
Background
Kibr, mentioned explicitly in various verses of the Qurʾān, is condemned for its destructive impact on one’s spiritual and social life. The verse in Sūrah Al-Isra (17:39) states clearly:
“Walk not proudly on the earth; truly thou canst by no means cleave the earth, neither canst thou reach the mountains in height: all this is evil with thy Lord and odious.”
This particular quotation denounces arrogance and reminds individuals of their limitations compared to the immensity of God’s creation.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
In various cultures, pride and arrogance are perceived differently:
- Western culture: may sometimes look at pride more ambivalently, considering self-esteem and confidence in positive light.
- Islamic culture: Kibr is universally abhorred and is viewed as an obstacle to attaining a pure heart and genuine submission to Allah.
Synonyms in Arabic & English
- Arabic: Takabbur (تکبر), Ghurūr (غرور - which means delusion or arrogance)
- English: Arrogance, Conceit, Hubris
Antonyms
- Arabic: Tawādu’ (تواضع) - Humility, Ikhlas (إخلاص) - Sincerity
- English: Modesty, Humility, Submission
Related Terms with Definitions
- Tawadhu (تواضع): Humility, the trait of being humble, opposite of Kibr.
- Ikhlas (إخلاص): Sincerity, carrying out an action with pure intention and devoid of pride or ostentation.
Exciting Facts
- Shaytan’s Fall: The first example of Kibr in Islamic tradition comes from shaytan (Satan/Iblis), whose refusal to bow to Adam out of pride led to his downfall.
- Daily Reflection: The hadith literature emphasizes regular self-reflection to avoid Kibr. A famous hadith states, “He who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride shall not enter Paradise.” [Sahih Muslim]
Notable Quotes
- Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): “No one who has an atom’s-worth of arrogance in his heart will enter Paradise.”
- Imam Ali (AS): “Pride is the seed of rebellion.”
References & Further Studies
- “The Purification of the Heart” by Hamza Yusuf
- “The Book of Assistance” by Imam Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
- “Ihya ulum al-din” by Imam Al-Ghazali
For further inquiries, read the works of notable Islamic scholars or participate in discussion circles and lectures focusing on adab (Islamic etiquette).
May this exploration into the concept of Kibr serve as a thoughtful reminder and inspire continuous introspection towards humility. Always strive to align your heart with sincerity and humbleness in the journey of faith.
Warm regards,
Ibrahim Rahman October 5, 2023
