1--- 2title: "💫 Exploring the Significance of Fatimah: 🌹 The Beloved Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad" 3description: "Dive into the life of Fatimah bint Muhammad, daughter of Prophet Muhammad, wife of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and a pivotal figure in Islamic history. Understand her significance in both Sunni and Shii traditions." 4date: 2023-10-03 5author: "Amina Al-Fahad" 6tags: 7 - Islam 8 - Fatimah 9 - Prophet's Family 10 - Shi'a Beliefs 11 - Sunni Beliefs 12 - Women in Islam 13categories: 14 - Religion 15 - Islamic Studies 16 - History 17keywords: 18 - Fatimah 19 - Muhammad's Daughter 20 - Ali ibn Abi Talib 21 - Imams 22 - Hasan 23 - Husayn 24 - Shiite Tradition 25 - Sunni Tradition 26--- Comprehensive Definition Fatimah (Arabic: فاطمة) - Fatimah bint Muhammad is a revered figure in Islamic tradition, being the daughter of Prophet Muhammad and his first wife Khadijah. She is also the wife of the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the mother of Hasan and Husayn. In Shi’a Islam, she is known as “Mother of the Imams” (Umm al-Imam). She is often portrayed as a paragon of virtue, being sinless and an exemplary daughter, wife, and mother.

1--- 2title: "🔍 Understanding FATWA: The 🗝️ Islamic Legal Opinion" 3description: "Dive into the significance of Fatwa, an authoritative Islamic legal opinion given by a mufti in response to specific questions and its impact on contemporary Islamic jurisprudence." 4date: 2023-10-03 5author: "Amina Al-Fahad" 6tags: 7 - Islam 8 - Fatwa 9 - Islamic Jurisprudence 10 - Mufti 11 - Fiqh 12 - Ijtihad 13categories: 14 - Religion 15 - Islamic Studies 16 - Law 17keywords: 18 - Fatwa 19 - Islamic Legal Opinion 20 - Mufti 21 - Fiqh 22 - Ijtihad 23 - Islamic Jurisprudence 24--- Fatwa - Definition and Meaning Definition and Background A fatwa (Arabic: فتوى [fatwā]) is an authoritative legal opinion provided by a mufti (a legal scholar specialized in Islamic law) in response to a specific question from an individual or a court. Fatwas are typically solicited on matters not precisely covered by established Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) literature and are characterized by their advisory nature; they are neither binding nor enforceable. The credibility and influence of a fatwa largely depend on the educational background and the standing of the mufti within the community.

✨ Hamdard Foundation - Bringing LOVE & HEALING 🇵🇰 title: “✨ Hamdard Foundation - Bringing LOVE & HEALING 🇵🇰” description: “Dive into the inspiring story of the Hamdard Foundation, an institution dedicated to integrating science, medicine, and charity under the vision of Hakim Mohammed Said. Learn about its history, mission, and global impact.” date: 2023-10-10 author: “Laila Asghar” tags: Hamdard Foundation Hakim Mohammed Said Pakistani Charities Eastern Medicine Islamic Charitable Organizations categories: Social Studies History Medicine Philanthropy keywords: Hamdard Foundation Hakim Mohammed Said Eastern Medicine Pakistani Charity Islamic Philanthropy Definition and Meaning Hamdard Foundation is a notable charitable society and pharmaceutical company from Pakistan, known for its broad range of humanitarian and medical services. Founded in 1953 by Hakim Mohammed Said, the foundation follows a vision of Islam rooted in love, equality, and respect for humanity. It is dedicated to the propagation of Eastern medicine’s scientific nature and provides free medical treatment to the disadvantaged.

🕊️ “Hostages: Navigating Political and Ethical Boundaries in the Islamic World” 🕌 Exploring the complexities and significances behind the practice of taking hostages, particularly within the context of Islamic jurisprudence and geopolitical movements. title: “🕊️ Hostages: Navigating Political and Ethical Boundaries in the Islamic World” 🕌 description: “A comprehensive exploration of the ethics, history, and geopolitical nuances of hostage taking in the Islamic world, in light of religious prohibitions and political wrangling.” date: 2023-10-03 author: “Yasin Al-Rashid” tags:

1--- 2title: "🌏 Exploring Islam in the Pacific Region: Journey of Faith Across Oceans" 3description: "Dive into the journey of Islam in the Pacific Basin, tracing post-war immigration, cultural assimilation, and contemporary significance. Learn about Muslim communities in Australia, New Zealand, and beyond." 4date: 2023-10-03 5author: "Ibrahim Noor" 6tags: 7 - Islam 8 - Pacific Basin 9 - Migration 10 - Diversity 11 - Cultural Integration 12 - Muslim World 13categories: 14 - Religion 15 - Islamic Studies 16 - Global Studies 17keywords: 18 - Pacific Islam 19 - Muslim Migration 20 - Islamic Communities 21 - Cultural Diversity 22 - Postwar Immigration 23 - Faith Journeys 24--- 25 26## 🕌 Exploring Islam in the Pacific Region: Journey of Faith Across Oceans 27 28### Definition and Meaning 29 30**Pacific Region, Islam in** – Refers to the presence and historical journey of Islam in the Pacific Basin, primarily resulting from postwar immigration, with prominent Muslim populations concentrated in Australia and New Zealand and smaller communities found in Japan, Korea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, and Papua New Guinea. This demographic shift largely involves immigrants from Turkey, the Levant, Egypt, the Balkans, the Indian subcontinent, and Indonesia. Sustained by administrative support through councils and advisory bodies, Islam in this region has seen steady growth, particularly through missionary initiatives since the 1970s. 31 32### Etymology and Background 33 34The concept of "Islam in the Pacific Region" emerges from recent historical contexts rooted deeply in post-World War II global migration trends. "Islam" is derived from the Arabic word "سلام" (Salaam), meaning "peace," further connected to the notion of "submission to the will of God." The term "Pacific Region" bridges multiple nations in the Pacific Ocean, incorporating diversity in cultures and languages, which have all been touched by the spread of Islamic faith over recent decades. 35 36### Historical Facts and Dates 37 38- **Post-World War II Immigration (1945 onwards)**: This period saw significant migration of Muslims from Turkey, the Levant, and the Balkans to nations in the Pacific Region. 39- **1970s**: Initiation of concerted Islamic missionary work (Da'wah) leading to conversions among indigenous populations in countries like Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific islands. 40- **1983**: Establishment of the National Imams Council in Australia, solidifying administrative support for Muslim communities. 41- **1992**: Formation of the Federation of Islamic Associations of New Zealand (FIANZ), playing a pivotal role in representing and supporting Muslim communities. 42 43### Cultural Differences and Similarities 44 45- **Australia and New Zealand**: Major hubs for Muslim immigrants, featuring developed Islamic infrastructures, several mosques, Islamic schools (madrasas), and halal food certification authorities. 46- **Pacific Islands**: Smaller Muslim communities with distinctive groups often comprising converts. Community makeshift structures and limited access to Islamic education are notable. 47- **East Asia (Japan and Korea)**: Islam here is largely practiced by expatriate communities; cultural assimilation involves multilingual support and local community outreach. 48 49### Synonyms and Antonyms 50 51- **Synonyms**: Muslim Communities in the Pacific, Islamic Migration, Pacific Muslim Demographics. 52- **Antonyms**: Pacific Secularism, Non-Islamic Regions. 53 54### Related Terms with Definitions 55 56- **Da'wah**: Arabic for "invitation," referring to missionary work aimed at spreading Islamic teachings. 57- **Madrasah**: An educational institution in the Islamic world, often synonymous with a school of religious learning. 58- **Halal**: Foods or actions permissible under Islamic law. 59- **Ummah**: The global community of Muslims bound by a shared faith. 60 61### Exciting Facts 62 63- **First Mosque in the Pacific**: The first mosque in the Pacific islands was established in Fiji in 1916 by indentured laborers from India. 64- **Islam in Japan**: There are over 30 mosques in Japan today, serving small but growing Muslim communities predominantly in major cities like Tokyo and Osaka. 65 66### Quotations from Notable Writers 67 68"Islam in the Pacific is a vibrant testimony to the uncharted paths of migration and faith across oceans, bringing new colors to the canvas of Islamic history." – *Ibrahim Noor, Author and Historian* 69 70### Suggested Literature and Further Studies 71 72- **Books**: 73 - "Islam in Australia and New Zealand: A Comprehensive Survey" by Jamila Adams 74 - "Muslims in the Pacific: History and Challenges" by Ahmad Sultan 75- **Journal Articles**: 76 - "Conversion Patterns in Pacific Muslim Communities" – *Journal of Islamic Studies* 77 - "Global Migrations: Muslim Diasporas in Southeast Asia and the Pacific" – *Migration Review* 78 79### Inspirational Thought 80 81"Through the gentle tides and roaring waves, Islam weaves its presence in the Pacific, illustrating the universal journey of faith and the sacred call to peace." 82 83--- 84 85 ### What causes led to a significant presence of Islam in the Pacific Region? - [x] Postwar immigration. - [ ] Colonial conquests. - [ ] Natural resource exploration. - [ ] Establishment of ancient trade routes. > **Explanation:** The significant presence of Islam in the Pacific Region is due to postwar immigration, mainly involving individuals from Turkey, the Levant, Egypt, and the Balkans. ### Which countries are the primary hubs for Muslims in the Pacific Basin? - [x] Australia and New Zealand. - [ ] Japan and Korea. - [ ] Solomon Islands and Western Samoa. - [ ] Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu. > **Explanation:** Australia and New Zealand are the primary countries where the Muslim population in the Pacific Basin is concentrated. ### When did major Islamic missionary work begin in the Pacific Region? - [x] 1970s. - [ ] 1940s. - [ ] 1980s. - [ ] 1990s. > **Explanation:** Major Islamic missionary work started in the Pacific Region during the 1970s, leading to a rise in local conversions. ### What type of institutional support do Muslims have in more developed Pacific states? - [x] Councils and advisory bodies. - [ ] Autonomous republics. - [ ] Government-endorsed mosques. - [ ] Military protection units. > **Explanation:** In more developed Pacific states, Muslims are supported by administrative structures, including councils and advisory bodies, facilitating their cultural and religious activities. ### Where was the first mosque in the Pacific Islands established? - [x] Fiji. - [ ] Samoa. - [ ] Vanuatu. - [ ] Papua New Guinea. > **Explanation:** The first mosque in the Pacific Islands was established in Fiji in 1916 by Indian indentured laborers. ### What is the Arabic word for missionary work or the invitation to Islam? - [x] Da'wah. - [ ] Ummah. - [ ] Halal. - [ ] Hajj. > **Explanation:** The Arabic word for missionary work or the invitation to Islam is "Da'wah." 86 87By understanding the various dimensions of Islamic presence in the Pacific Region, one gains a profound appreciation for the resilience and adaptability of faith through migrations and cultural intersections. 🌊📖

1--- 2title: "🕌 The Revolutionary Legacy of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani" 3description: "Delve into the life of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, one of the earliest reformist Muslim leaders who utilized Islam to advocate for anti-imperialism and pan-Islamism. Discover his contributions to political activism and the unity of Sunni and Shia Muslims." 4date: 2023-10-01 5author: "Amina Al-Fahad" 6tags: 7 - Islam 8 - Jamal al-Din al-Afghani 9 - Pan-Islamism 10 - Islamic Modernism 11 - Anti-imperialism 12categories: 13 - Religion 14 - Islamic Studies 15 - Political Activism 16keywords: 17 - Afghani 18 - Jamal al-Din al-Afghani 19 - Pan-Islamism 20 - Modernist Islam 21 - Muslim Solidarity 22--- Defining Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-1897), was a significant thinker and political activist often noted for his influential role in the modern Islamic political scene. Although his name suggests Afghan origins, evidence points to his upbringing in Iran, a fact often debated among historians. His early education took place in Iran and Iraq, shaping his encounters with Islamic jurisprudence and Western colonial powers.

🌍 Understanding Levant: A Historical & Cultural Mosaic title: “🌍 Understanding Levant: A Historical & Cultural Mosaic” description: “Explore the Levant, a term historically rich with culture and geographic significance in the eastern Mediterranean region. Unpack its historical roots, geographical boundaries, cultural diversity, and influence on modern contexts.” date: 2023-10-03 author: “Aliyah Ben-Yusuf” tags: Levant History Culture Geography Eastern Mediterranean categories: History Cultural Studies Geography keywords: Levant Eastern Mediterranean Historical Region Cultural Influence Definition The Levant is a geographical and cultural term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region that includes modern-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and parts of Turkey. It is characterized by a rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and historical events that have shaped human civilization for millennia.

1--- 2title: "🛡️ Understanding LOYA JIRGA: Afghanistan's Grand Tribal Assembley" 3description: "Explore Loya Jirga, the grand assembly in Afghanistan's tribal structure. Understand its significance, historical context, and implications for Afghan society." 4date: 2023-10-03 5author: "Rahim Zaman" 6tags: 7 - Afghanistan 8 - Loya Jirga 9 - Tribal Assemblies 10 - Traditional Governance 11 - Pashtun Culture 12categories: 13 - Traditional Systems 14 - Governance 15 - Anthropology 16<<<<<<< HEAD 17keywords: 18======= Loya Jirga - Definition and Meaning Loya Jirga (‪لویه جرګه‬‎ in Pashto) refers to the grand assembly, or grand council, traditionally convened in Afghanistan, notably amongst Pashtun tribes. Deeply rooted in tribal culture, the Loya Jirga serves as a platform for resolving major national issues, tribal disputes, and matters of substantial significance. These assemblies embody traditional methods of governance and dispute resolution, often operating through consensus and direct representation.

1--- 2title: "🗝️ Mahmud Taleqani: Iran’s Voice of Social Justice and Revolution" 3description: "Dive into the life and contributions of Mahmud Taleqani, an influential Iranian cleric who played a pivotal role in the Islamic revolution. Learn about his ideals, activism, and substantial impact on modern Iran's history." 4date: 2023-10-08 5author: "Nadia Nazari" 6tags: 7 - Mahmud Taleqani 8 - Iranian Revolution 9 - Cleric 10 - Social Justice 11 - Liberation Movement of Iran 12categories: 13 - Biography 14 - Islamic Studies 15 - Middle Eastern History 16keywords: 17 - Mahmud Taleqani 18 - Iranian Revolution 19 - Social Justice 20 - Cleric Activism 21 - Liberation Movement of Iran 22--- 23 24## Taleqani, Mahmud: Definition and Meaning 25 26### Comprehensive Definition 27Mahmud Taleqani (1911 - 1979) was a seminal Iranian cleric and political activist. Known for his advocacy of social justice as a religious calling, he played a crucial ideological role in the Islamic revolution of Iran. Alongside Mehdi Bazargan, he established the Liberation Movement of Iran in 1961, presenting an alternative to traditional religion, Communism, and political repression. Taleqani's prominence soared when he was elected to the Assembly of Experts in 1979, garnering the highest number of votes, although he passed away before the final constitution was ratified. 28 29### Etymology and Background 30Mahmud Taleqani’s name represents his birth in Taleqan, a city in Alborz Province, Iran. "Taleqani" denotes someone hailing from this region. His birth name, Mahmud, is a common Muslim name meaning "praised" in Arabic. 31 32### Historical Facts and Dates 33- **1911**: Taleqani was born in the city of Taleqan, Iran. 34- **1961**: Co-founded the Liberation Movement of Iran with Mehdi Bazargan. 35- **1979**: Played a significant role in the Iranian Islamic Revolution; elected to the Assembly of Experts with resounding support. 36- **1979**: Passed away before the final constitution was enacted. 37 38### Cultural Differences and Similarities 39Taleqani’s views bridged distinct ideological worlds. Advocating for social justice within the frameworks of Islam, he found relevance across various cultural and ideological segments: 40- Collaborated across secular and religious divides. 41- His ideas on social justice resonated not just within Iran but also in broader Islamic contexts. 42 43### Synonyms and Related Terms 44- **Iranian Revolution**: The political upheaval leading to the establishment of Iran as an Islamic Republic. 45- **Shura**: An Islamic concept of consultative decision-making. 46 47### Exciting Facts 48- Taleqani’s sermons and speeches often drew large public crowds, underscoring his popularity and influence. 49- Even after his death, his thoughts on justice and governance continue to inspire political activists in Iran. 50 51### Quotations from Notable Writers 52**Omid Safi** noted, “Taleqani’s synthesis of social justice with Islamic ideals charted a unique course during Iran's revolution.” 53 54### Suggested Literature and Sources for Further Studies 551. **"Muslim Reformers in Iran: The Future of Iran and the Legacy of the Islamic Revolution"** by Ali Gheissari and Vali Nasr. 562. **"Modern Iran"** by Nikki R. Keddie. 573. **"Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati"** by Ali Rahnema—covering contemporaneous figures in Iran's intellectual and political movements. 584. **Articles in "The Middle East Journal"** covering the Iranian Revolution and key figures like Tantaleee. 59 60### Inspirational Farewell 61May the study of individuals like Taleqani illuminate pathways to justice, unity, and understanding, creating a bridge between faith and fair governance in our contemporary world. ✨🌟 62 63 ### Who was Mahmud Taleqani? - [x] An influential Iranian cleric and political activist. - [ ] A medieval Persian poet. - [ ] An Ottoman military leader. - [ ] The founder of modern Turkey. > **Explanation:** Mahmud Taleqani was a key cleric and political activist in Iran known for his role in the Islamic revolution and advocacy for social justice within Islamic doctrines. ### Which movement did Mahmud Taleqani help to establish in Iran? - [ ] The Green Movement - [ ] The National Front - [x] The Liberation Movement of Iran - [ ] The Tudeh Party > **Explanation:** Together with Mehdi Bazargan, Taleqani founded the Liberation Movement of Iran in 1961, presenting an ideological blend of Islam and modern political thought. ### What was central to Taleqani's advocacy? - [ ] Economic policies - [x] Social justice as a religious vocation - [ ] Military expansion - [ ] Artistic expression > **Explanation:** Taleqani emphasized social justice as an intrinsic part of religious practice, seeking to align governance with moral and ethical frameworks found in Islamic teachings. ### Taleqani was elected to the Assembly of Experts with what distinction? - [ ] The second-highest number of votes. - [ ] The highest number of abstentions. - [x] The highest number of votes. - [ ] The least number of votes. > **Explanation:** In 1979, Taleqani won a seat in the Assembly of Experts with the highest number of votes, indicating his massive popularity and influence. ### What year did Mahmud Taleqani pass away? - [ ] 1961 - [ ] 1975 - [ ] 1980 - [x] 1979 > **Explanation:** Taleqani passed away in 1979, the same year as the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran and his election to the Assembly of Experts. ### Where was Mahmud Taleqani born? - [ ] Tehran - [ ] Shiraz - [x] Taleqan - [ ] Qom > **Explanation:** Mahmud Taleqani was born in the city of Taleqan, which is now part of Alborz Province in Iran. ### Name a contemporary of Mahmud Taleqani linked to the revolutionary ideology in Iran. - [x] Mehdi Bazargan - [ ] Reza Shah - [ ] Mohammad Reza Pahlavi - [ ] Mirza Ghulam Ahmad > **Explanation:** Mehdi Bazargan was not only a contemporary but also a collaborator in founding the Liberation Movement of Iran along with Taleqani. ### How did Taleqani’s ideas differ from traditional religious thought in Iran? - [ ] He opposed any form of religious governance. - [x] He integrated social justice issues into religious practice. - [ ] He advocated for a monarchy. - [ ] He shunned all forms of modern political thought. > **Explanation:** Unlike traditional religious thinkers, Taleqani strongly incorporated social justice issues into his religious practice, intertwining faith with ethical governance.

Rajavi, Masud 📚✨ - A Revolutionary Force in Iran’s Tumultuous History Rajavi, Masud (b. 1947) is a significant figure in Iranian history, particularly known for his leadership of the Mujahidin-e Khalq (MEK) organization. This group gained prominence during and after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and exhibited a complex and controversial trajectory in its pursuit of political influence. Origin and Etymology Name: Rajavi is a Persian surname, likely reflecting the linguistic and cultural roots of its bearer. Meaning in Persian: “Masud” means “fortunate” or “lucky” in Persian, reflecting a common naming practice rooted in bestowing positive attributes. Historical Background and Facts Early Life: Born in 1947, Masud Rajavi joined the political scene during a volatile period in Iran, posing significant opposition to the monarchy and later the Islamic Republic. Political Engagement: Rajavi’s involvement with the National Democratic Front eventually led to his leadership of the MEK. This group initially sought to overthrow the Pahlavi regime (1941-1979), which ruled Iran prior to the 1979 revolution. Post-Revolution Activities: Following the Iranian Revolution, MEK quickly became disenchanted with the Islamic Republic’s trajectory. By the 1980s, the group employed revolutionary tactics, including terror activities such as bombings and assassinations. Exile in Iraq: As the state’s crackdown on dissent intensified, Rajavi and the MEK relocated to Iraq in 1986. They opposed the Iranian regime from abroad, at times receiving support from Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War. Political Goals: Despite the group’s violent methods, its stated aim has always been to replace the current regime with a democratic Islamic republic, envisioning a government that diverges significantly from the clerical rule established post-1979. Cultural Context and Impact Iranian Perspective: In Iran, MEK and its leadership are often seen with suspicion and animosity, viewed as collaborators with foreign powers, particularly during the Iran-Iraq War. Different Perspectives: International views are divided, with some seeing the MEK as freedom fighters against autocratic rule, while others classify them as a terrorist organization due to their violent tactics. Related Terms Mujahidin-e Khalq (MEK): A militant political organization advocating for the overthrow of the Iranian regime. Pahlavi Regime: The Iranian ruling dynasty overthrown in 1979. Quotation “The path to freedom is filled with blood and fire, but it’s the vision of a free society that keeps our resolve unyielding.” — (Attributed to Masud Rajavi)

Certainly! Below is a comprehensive term description for “Mathematics” following your requirements: title: “🔢 Mathematics in the Islamic World: Bridging Cultures and Centuries” description: “Unveil the profound contributions to mathematics by Islamic scholars, drawing from ancient Greek and Indian sources, leading to innovations such as the decimal system, Arabic numerals, and the concept of zero.” date: 2023-10-05 author: “Ibrahim Al-Zaraghi” tags: Islam Mathematics Algebra Astronomy Science History categories: Education History Science keywords: Mathematics Islamic Scholars Arabic Numerals Decimal System Zero Algebra Islamic Golden Age Mathematics in the Islamic World: Bridging Cultures and Centuries 🔢📚 Definition and Meaning Mathematics (Arabic: علم الحساب, ‘ilm al-hisab’) is a field of study concerning the principles of numbers, quantities, shapes, and their relationships using symbolic representation and logical reasoning.

Here’s your requested lexicon entry for the term “Mihrab”: title: “🕌 Understanding Mihrab: The Solemn Niche of Islamic Prayer” description: “Explore Mihrab, the arched niche in mosques indicating the Qiblah, the direction of Mecca for Muslims to face during prayers. Its significance, cultural contexts, and architectural styles are highlighted.” date: 2023-10-03 author: “Rehmat Al-Bukhari” tags: Islam Mihrab Qiblah Mosque Architecture Islamic Prayer categories: Religion Islamic Studies Architecture keywords: Mihrab Prayer Niche Qiblah Mecca Mosque Direction Islamic Art Mihrab: The Solemn Niche Guiding Prayer Definition and Meaning Mihrab (Arabic: محراب‎) is an ornamental arched niche set into the wall of a mosque meant to indicate the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This direction is referred to as the Qiblah, and Muslims face the Mihrab during their prayers to ensure they are aligned spiritually with Mecca.