Definition
QĀRIʾ (قارى): A term defining an individual who proficiently recites the Qurʾān in accordance with the science of Tajwīd, ensuring correct pronunciation, phonetics, rhythm, and intonation. The plural form is Qurrāʾ (قراء).
Etymology and Background
The word “Qāriʾ” (قارى) is derived from the Arabic root “ق-ر-أ” (q-r-ʾ), meaning “to read” or “to recite.” The role of the Qāriʾ has deep roots in Islamic tradition, where the preservation and proper recitation of the Qurʾān are of paramount importance. Tajwīd, the art of Qurʾānic recitation, encompasses a set of rules governing proper pronunciation during recitation, crucial for preserving the linguistic and spiritual integrity of the Qurʾān.
The Seven Celebrated Qurrāʾ (Al-Qurrāʾu ʾs-Sabʿah)
- Imām Ibn Kathīr (d. 120 A.H.): A notable Meccan scholar who was highly regarded for his mastery in Qurʾānic recitation.
- Imām ʿĀṣim Ibn Abī al-Najūd (d. 127 A.H.): A Kufa scholar, learned under esteemed teachers, including companions of the Prophet Muhammad.
- Imām Abū ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAlāʾ (d. 154 A.H.): A linguistic authority whose recitation impacted generations of students.
- Imām Ḥamzah al-Zayyāt (d. 156 A.H.): Renowned for his meticulous approach to Tajwīd, contributing significantly to the science of Qurʾānic recitation.
- Imām al-Kisāʾī (d. 182 A.H.): Celebrated for his unbeatable expertise in grammar, syntax, and Qurʾānic recitation.
- Imām Nāfiʿ al-Madanī (d. 169 A.H.): His recitation was the keystone of Qurʾānic readings in Medina.
- Imām Ibn ʿĀmir (exact date unknown): A Syrian Qāriʾ whose significant contributions remain integral to Islamic scholarship.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Recitation of the Qurʾān is universal across the Islamic world, though the style and melody (maqāmāt) can vary:
- Arab World: Often uses the maqam system, characterized by specific melodic modes.
- South Asia (India, Pakistan): Might incorporate local intonations reflective of regional linguistic patterns.
- Turkey: Known for a more measured and rhythmic style influenced by Ottoman traditions.
- Africa: Features distinctive rhythmic beats, a reflection of indigenous musical styles.
Despite these differences, the essence of Tajwīd unites all Qurrāʾ, emphasizing precise pronunciation and reverence for the divine text.
Synonyms and Related Terms
- Qārī: Another transliteration for Qāriʾ.
- Muqriʾ: A person proficient in teaching the correct recitation.
- Hafiz: One who has memorized the entire Qurʾān.
- Mujawwid: A practitioner of Tajwīd and enhanced Qurʾānic reciter.
Antonyms
- Non-reciter: Someone not trained or proficient in Qurʾānic recitation.
Exciting Facts
- There are ten primary recognized methods of Qurʾānic recitation, reflecting the diversity in the transmission of the Qurʾān across regions.
- Each Qāriʿ traditionally holds a specific chain of narration (isnad) tracing back to the Prophet.
Quotations
“And recite the Qur’ān in measured tones.” - Qurʾān 73:4
“For God has sent me as the proof upon His creation that I be heard and obeyed.” - Imam Ali (AS)
Further Study and Inspiration
Suggested Literature:
- “Qurʾānic Exegesis and Recitation” by Fadl Hasan Abbas.
- “Tajwid: The Art of the Correct Recitation of the Quran” by Abdullah Yusuf Ali.
References:
- “An Introduction to Qurʾanic Studies” by Aisha Bewley.
- “The Sciences of the Qurʾān” by Ahmed von Denffer.
Quizzes
In the words of Rumi, “Hear blessings dropping their blossoms around you.” The profound art of Tajwīd emphasizes not only vocal elegance but also spiritual connection. Embrace and explore the sacred melody of the Qurʾān through the inspiring legacies of the Qurrāʾ.
(Published by Hassan Al-Marayati on October 5, 2023)
