Definition
Qabẓ (قبض) refers to the state of spiritual contraction or restriction, where one feels constricted, distant from spiritual insight, or under divine authority that feels overwhelming. Bast̤ (بسط) signifies spiritual expansion or ease, where one’s heart feels open, receptive, and close to the Divine, accompanied by a sense of peace and enlightenment.
Etymology
- Qabẓ is derived from the Arabic root word “ق ب ض” which broadly means to grasp, to seize, or to shorten.
- Bast̤ comes from the root word “ب س ط” meaning to expand, to spread out, or to extend.
Background
In Sufi tradition, Qabẓ and Bast̤ represent fluctuating states of the heart experienced on the path to spiritual enlightenment. These states are not merely emotional but are viewed as divine interventions. They balance each other and are essential in a disciple’s journey, guiding them towards greater self-awareness and closeness to Allah.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
- In Islamic mysticism, these states are seen as part of the divine plan guiding the Sufi closer to the ultimate truth.
- In Christian mysticism, similar emotions of desolation and consolation were described by Saint Ignatius of Loyola.
- In Buddhism, the notions of grasping and liberation can be seen in understanding suffering and ultimate freedom.
Synonyms
- Qabẓ: Restriction, Constriction, Limitation
- Bast̤: Expansion, Liberation, Enlightenment
Antonyms
There are no perfect antonyms for these two terms as they are complementary. However:
- Qabẓ: Expansion (Bast̤)
- Bast̤: Constriction (Qabẓ)
Related Terms
- Ḥāl (حال): Temporary spiritual state
- Maqām (مقام): Station or a permanent spiritual state
- Dhikr (ذکر): The practice of remembrance of God
Exciting Facts
- Qabẓ and Bast̤ are believed to result in a deeper understanding when experienced cyclically; a heart must contract before it can truly expand.
- Rumi, the famed Sufi poet, speaks of these states in his poetry, illustrating how they guide a Sufi through a metaphysical process.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- Rumi: “You have to keep breaking your heart until it opens.”
- Ibn ʿArabī: “The sign of Bast̤ is an opening in the heart by which it comes close to God.”
Suggested Literature and Sources
- Books for Further Study:
- “The Foundation of Islamic Mysticism” by Martin Lings
- “The Doctrine of Sufis” by Reynold A. Nicholson
- “Mystical Dimensions of Islam” by Annemarie Schimmel
- References:
- ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s “Dictionary of Ṣūfī Terms”
- Jalaluddin Rumi’s “Masnavi”
Quiz Section
May your journey through the spiritual states of Qabẓ wa Bast̤ illuminate your path and expand your heart with divine love.
Warmly, Shahin Al-Hussaini 🎉
