Qismah: Definition and Meaning
Definition
Qismah (قسمة) - Derived from the Arabic root “ق-س-م” (Q-S-M), which means to divide or distribute. Qismah signifies the concept of destiny or fate, predetermined by God, where every individual’s life course is known to Allah. However, it balances the belief in human free will, emphasizing that personal choices interact with divine will.
Etymology
The word Qismah comes from the Arabic root “ق-س-م” (Q-S-M), meaning to divide, portion, or allot. This etymological root underscores the belief that everyone’s fate or share in life is distributed by Allah.
Background
Qismah in Islamic doctrine suggests that while God has foreknowledge and authority over the grand tapestry of life, humans are endowed with free will to make choices. Qismah does not imply fatalism; instead, it reflects a dynamic interplay between divine decree and human actions.
Historical Context
Theological discussions on Qismah trace back to the early Islamic scholars and are detailed extensively in various Islamic texts, with the Qur’an and Hadith offering several perspectives. Key surahs and verses, such as Surah Al-Baqarah (2:286) and Surah Al-Qadr (97:1-5), allude to aspects of human destiny and God’s sovereign knowledge.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Different Islamic cultures exhibit nuanced understandings of Qismah:
- Arab cultures predominantly view it as a balance between divine will and individual duty.
- South Asian cultures often interlace concepts of Qismah with pre-existing philosophies of karma and dharma, creating a unique tapestry of belief.
- Turkish and Persian influences emphasize the pathos and romanticism in divine destiny, frequently discussed in poetry and prose.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms: Predestination (قدر - Qadar), Fate (مصير - Masir), Divine Will (إرادة الله - Iradat Allah) Antonyms: Zufall (Accident), Pure Chance
Related Terms with Definitions
- Qadar (قدر): Divine decree, the belief that every event and action is part of God’s predetermined plan.
- Maktub (مكتوب): Literally means “it is written”; denotes that one’s path is prewritten by divine command.
- Irada (إرادة): Will or intention, often referring to divine will.
- Tawakkul (توكل): Reliance on God’s plan, fostering trust and patience.
Exciting Facts
- In early Islamic philosophy, Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd debated whether rationality or faith should dominate the understanding of Qismah.
- The concept of Qismah finds allusions in famous Persian poetry, like those of Jalaluddin Rumi, who explored destiny through the lens of divine love.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- “There is no belief more limiting to liberty than believing our destiny has no need to cross paths with our free will.” - Jalaluddin Rumi
- “Verily, what reaches you was not meant to miss you, and what misses you was not meant to reach you.” - Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Suggested Literature and Other Sources
For deeper understanding, consider reading:
- “The Incoherence of the Philosophers” by Al-Ghazali
- “The Alchemy of Happiness” by Al-Ghazali
- “Al-Muwatta” by Imam Malik
- “The Rubaiyat” by Omar Khayyam: For a poetic exploration of fate and free will.
Farewell Thought: May your understanding of Qismah enlighten the tapestry of your life’s journey, balancing every thread with trust and wisdom.
