The Islamic Terms Lexicon: QURʾĀN (قران) 📜
Comprehensive Definition
The QURʾĀN (قرآن)—often referred to as al-Qurʾān al-Majīd (Glorious Qurʾān), al-Qurʾān ash-Sharīf (Noble Qurʾān)—is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah). It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in Arabic. The Qurʾān consists of 114 chapters (sūras) containing verses (āyāt). It serves as a guide to personal conduct, spiritual growth, and community rules.
Etymology and Origin
The word Qurʾān comes from the Arabic root “Q-R-ʾ” (قرأ), meaning “to read” or “to recite”. This etymology underscores the oral and recitation-based tradition of the text. The term is related to the Hebrew ‘qara’ and the Syriac ‘qeryānā’, making it linguistically linked with broader Semitic concepts of reading and recitation.
Cultural Significance
Origins
The Qurʾān is believed to have been revealed by Allah to the Prophet Muhammad over 23 years, beginning in 610 CE. Gabriel (Jibril) is traditionally recognized as the angelic messenger who conveyed these revelations. Muhammad received the earliest revelations while meditating in the cave of Hira near Mecca.
Compilation and Preservation
After Muhammad’s death, the first Caliph, Abu Bakr, ordered the compilation of the Qurʾān, fearing that parts of it could be lost. The final and authoritative compilation was established under the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan.
Cultural Influence
The Qurʾān’s revelation spurred the development of Classical Arabic and continues to influence the Arabic language and literature. It also shapes Islamic jurisprudence, art, and social norms, forming the foundation of Muslim life and belief.
Titles and Attributes
55 Titles of the Qurʾān
According to classical scholars like Jalalu ’d-dīn as-Suyūt̠ī, the Qurʾān holds 55 titles, each reflecting an attribute or aspect of its divine nature:
- Al-Kitāb (The Book)
- Al-Mubīn (The Enlightener)
- Al-Qurʾān (The Reading)
- Al-Karīm (The Good)
- Al-Kalām (The Word) … [list continues].
Each name signifies the multifaceted nature of the Qurʾān, from ‘The Light’ (An-Nūr) to ‘The Spirit’ (Ar-Rūḥ).
Related Terms with Definitions
- Hadith (حديث): Sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad, serving as a source of guidance alongside the Qurʾān.
- Surah (سورة): Chapters of the Qurʾān, each containing verses (āyāt).
- Ayah (آية): Verses in the Qurʾān, also meaning “sign” or “miracle”.
- Tafsir (تفسير): Exegesis or commentary on the Qurʾān.
- Sunna (سنة): Practices of Muhammad, forming a model for Muslims to follow.
Exciting Facts
Literary Miraculouness
The Qurʾān’s language is considered inimitable and miraculous. This literary magnificence is one reason it remains central in cultural and religious practices, such as memorization (hafiz) and recital (tajwid).
Structure
Although not necessarily in chronological order, the chapters (sūras) were organized during the time of Caliph Uthman. The Qurʾān is divided methodically to allow for its complete recital over thirty days, especially during Ramadan.
Quotations
Revered Passages
- Surah Al-Fatiha (1:1-7): “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds.”
- Surah Al-Ikhlas (112:1-4): “Say, He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge.”
Inspirational Thought-Provoking Farewell
Through the exploration of the Qurʾān, one can find boundless depths of wisdom and guidance. As Muhammad Iqbal, the esteemed philosopher, poet, and politician asserts: “The Qurʾān is a book that transforms every reader into a witness of its eternal message.”
Expand your understanding and soul by delving deeper into the verses and teachings of the Qurʾān, for it is not just a book but a divine compass guiding the heart and soul toward a higher purpose.
Quizzes
Authored by: 📚 Fatima Rashid Date: 2023-10-10
May your quest for knowledge be constant and fulfilling. 🌟
